Archives-December 

Continuous stirred tank reactor system is a typical chemical reactor system with complex non linear dynamic characteristics. There has been considerable interest in its state estimation and real time control based on mathematical modeling. However, the lack of understanding of the dynamics of the process, the highly sensitive and non linear behavior of the reactor, has made difficult to develop the precise mathematical modeling of the system. An efficient control of the product concentration in CSTR can be achieved only through accurate model. In this paper, attempts are made to alleviate the modeling difficulties using “Artificial Intelligence” (AI) techniques such as neural, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence modeling techniques. The performance comparison of different modeling techniques has been given in terms of root mean square error.

The study was designed to explore the different aspects of application of Montessori Method at pre primary. Population of the study was comprised of parents and teachers of Montessori level students and purposive sample of 30 teachers and 30 parents from SLS Montessori & School, was collected to meet the research objectives such as to assess the effectiveness of prepared environment, to determine teachers’ and parents’ role in its implementation, to explore the effect of full diploma and short courses in application of this method and to search out about its application along with traditional method of education. The results of this study gave a clear picture of the need and proper implementation of Montessori Method. It has shown that the positive impact on the overall development of a child is obviously attainable through a prepared environment. The teacher also gains individual refinement through this method as she gets inner satisfaction when her students have met their objectives. The importance of parents’ role has also been emphasized for pursuing this method in home environment also. This study would give a newer dimension towards the implication of Montessori Method along with traditional education.

The main objective of this study is to ensure the tourists are served by professional tour guides who can meet their satisfactions’ and eventually improve the tour guides livelihood as well as tourism industry growth. Open-ended level of education and lack of barrier to guiding carrier might have affected the performance of tour guides in Lushoto District Tanzania for long time. The post-training evaluation has revealed that 13 (66%) of the respondents have noted increase in number of visitors in their organization after training. This has been justified by 10 (50%) of the respondents who claimed to note income increase than a year before which has boosted tour guides livelihood. The findings have shown tour guides have changed in behaviour and the way they think and act, which helped them to avoid committing mistakes which they were doing before the training. And 18 (90%) of the respondents justified that by being able to list some of the do and don’ts which proves how serious they are on the ethics matters. Indeed, the training has brought the tour guides together through the formed Usambara Local Tour Guides Association (ULTGA) and will be able to get government ID cards first and finally be given license after attending two months training. A good number of respondents 13 (67%) admit to abide on tour guides ethics and 15 (75%) of respondents are using marketing techniques to attract tourists in their organizations than before. Tour guides have shown enthusiasm to become professional guides.

Recently, massive interest was paid to new technologies dealing with environmental aspect. Perpetuation of natural resources such as natural fibre reinforced polymeric composite leads the upcoming manufacturing industry to search and scrutinize eco-friendly materials. The use of composites in manufacturing equipment and products is taking a very important space in the industry in general. Moreover these materials have unique characteristics when analyzed separately from constituents who are part of them. However, it is known that care must be taken in their manufacture, as the use of appropriate process and the composition of each element, in addition to adherence of fibre, which is a major factor in obtaining the final mechanical strength of the product. One should also take into account whether the composites are environmentally friendly. For this reason, in this work, a composite partially ecological was made, using sisal as reinforcement, which is a natural fibre with renowned mechanical properties as dispersed phase of the composite in the polypropylene resin, in quest of improving the mechanical behaviour of NFRP composite.

Quality has become one of the major concerns of higher education at all levels. With Globalization of economy, a demand for quality in higher education has become all the more prominent, so that no other choice except to meet the global standards. Accreditation is an activity widely accepted in developed countries but generally is not known in many other countries. In India, the task of assessment and accreditation of universities and colleges has been assigned to the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), an autonomous body established by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The objectives of Academic Staff Colleges are to enable the newly appointed lecturer to: (a) Understand the significance of education in general and higher education in particular in the global context, (b) Acquire and improve basic skills of teaching and learning with innovative and advanced methods. (c) Utilize the time to improve the personality of the teacher. As the Academic Staff Colleges are now considered as important units to improve quality of Teaching- Learning process in The Country, its quality assessment is critical for the future of higher education. Therefore, this study is designed to examine the set of criteria to assess the quality of institutions.

In this study, two different type of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were analyzed in simulating the daily inflow into Taleghan reservoir in Iran. These types include: General Regression Neural Network with standardized inputs (GRNN1) and with non-standardized inputs (GRNN1), and Radial Basis Networks with standardized inputs (RBN1) and with non-standardized inputs (RBN2). An iterative algorithm was designed to assess different architecture of these models. Results revealed the potential of these models, as suitable tools for simulating the daily reservoir inflow. Also, it was concluded that multiday averaging can improve the simulation results considerably.

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of carbon monoxide poisoning among residents of the Ho Municipality in Ghana's Volta Region. The population was made up of residents of Ho, and the study utilised a descriptive approach. A total of 569 people were chosen utilising stratified and convenience sampling procedures. Google Forms was used to collect data, and SPSS was used to analyse it. The findings suggested that respondents had a low level of awareness of carbon monoxide poisoning. In addition, the majority of the respondents' apartments lacked smoke or CO alarms, making them more vulnerable to CO poisoning. Finally, the study discovered that CO poisoning awareness programmes were rare in the Municipality. Therefore, the study recommended, among other things, more CO poisoning awareness programmes.

A b-vertex coloring of a graph[15] G is a proper vertex coloring of G such that each color class contains a vertex that has at least one vertex in every other color class in its neighborhood. The b-chromatic number of a graph G is the largest integer?(G) for which G has a b-vertex coloring with?(G) colors. This concept was introduced in [2] by Irving and Manlove by a certain partial ordering on all proper colorings in contrast to chromatic number ? (G),namely? (G) is the minimum of colors used among all minimal elements of this partial ordering, while ?(G) is the maximum of colors used among all minimal elements of the same partial ordering. The b-chromatic number has been considered with respect to subgraphs in [10,11], while the b-chromatic number under graph operations was considered in [15] for the Cartesian product and in [8] for the other three standard products. Operations on graphs produce new ones from older ones. Here the paper deals with the b-chromatic number of adding parallel chords in Cycle, Union of Path with Cycle and its complement, deletion and addition of vertices and edges in a Cycle.

The presence of pathogens in drinking water may result from source water contamination by human and animal activities, followed by improper or insufficient treatment. The study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water produced at the Kwanyako Water Treatment Plant in the Central the Region of Ghana. Triplicate water samples of Raw and Final water were collected in sterile 500ml polypropylene bottles, and analysed for thermotolerant coliform (TTC) using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method to determine the bacteriological quality of water before and after treatment. The study was carried out for a period of 6 months (September, 2013 to February 2014). TTC was positive for all Raw water samples but negative for all Final water samples. This implied that, the water produced at the Treatment plant is efficiently treated and poses no health threat.

Bas C. van Fraassen holds an anti-realist position that directs a damaging attack against entity realism. As it stands, the question of limits of experience is crucial to van Fraassen’s constructive empiricism and has an intricate link with his negation of the ontological status of unobservable entities. This paper essentially rebuts van Fraassen’s position with the case of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It queries the sort of experiential limits placed on science by van Fraassen and argues that his epistemological or constructive empiricist dimension of discourse does not fit or tie-in properly with the question of existence of unobservable entities. Most of his critics somewhat fail to recognize differences in dimensions of discourse. To be sure, this un-appreciated difference in discourse dimension is what brings a shimmering freshness to this paper. Now, using the qualitative tool of critical analysis, the paper fronts the pragmatic and ontological dimensions as much better thresholds of argumentation in the realm of existence of unobservable entities.