Archives-December 

The review aimed at identifying the gaps left out in the studies on how landuse influences ecosystem health of adjacent rivers in East and Southern Africa. These gaps left have affected both interpretation of results and rendered the studies incomplete. The gaps of interest here were three including; sampling procedure, relationship between river size and land use size as well as limited full ecosystem health components consideration. In our discussion, we have highlighted what the researchers should have done to seal the gaps and complete the ecosystem health assessment. The works reviewed in this paper include 22 peer reviewed papers in various journals, 3 technical ecological reports and 6 academic theses. The time frame of the works reviewed range between 2001 – 2019. It was concluded that a standard protocol be set for all researchers about the elements that must constitute a complete ecological health study such that if an element is left out, the study is not recognized as a complete ecological study. Sampling procedure should follow the before, in and after a stressor or landuse.

An unsteady MHD casson fluid flow past an inclined moving plate is examined to address the effect of chemical reaction and thermal radiation. The resulting system of the equations governing the flow is solved analytically using regular perturbation technique. The numerical results obtained are presented graphically against the different values of the parameters entering into the problem and interpreted physically. It is found that the results obtained in the present work are in excellent agreement with the physical reality of the problem.

Web is an enormous warehouse of knowledge and frequent hyperlinks. Web also serves a wide diversity of user communities and worldwide information service centers. Every minutes the knowledge in web page upwards swiftly. Web page is used to transmit the knowledge to web users. Such voluminous size of web makes a complexity of web information retrieval, web content filtering, web usage mining and web structure mining. Hence, it is essential to perform proper categorization of web pages. This paper formulates the web page categorization problem as multi classification task and provides an appropriate solution using support vector machine. The classification model is generated by learning the features that have been extracted from different category of HTML structures and URLs of the web pages. The experimental results of support vector machine with various kernels have been evaluated and observed that accuracy of web page categorization model with RBF kernel (98.5%) performs well than linear and polynomial kernel.

The Bangladesh National Building Code specifies and regulates the general requirements for structural design and design criteria in Bangladesh (BNBC). In the previous two decades, the introduction of new civil engineering techniques, expertise, and materials has resulted in changes to design parameters and methodologies. As a result, BNBC 2017 was written to reflect the change. To further understand the changes in design and analysis, a systematic parametric structural study of RC frame structures was performed, utilizing both codes via FEA for high seismic and high wind zones (Mymensingh) and low seismic and low wind zones (Chapainawabgang). According to the analysis results, the newer code provisions often result in a less economical design with a greater safety margin when compared to the design-based code provisions. The examination of various analysis and design outputs establishes a well-defined comparison between the two seismic zones. The essential distinction between the two seismic zones based on lateral load (wind and earthquake) is provided. In the case of RCC structures, analysis and design are carried out to demonstrate the change in reinforcement required for different column and beam sections, while the building height remains constant. According to BNBC 2017, this comparison study establishes a clear picture of changes in structural details, cost effectiveness, and safety in between the high seismic and low seismic zones by locating two buildings (Mymensingh and Chapainawabganj).

The impact of COVID-19 are felt around the world and all sectors specially technology sector. In today’s era we can say that every business are completely depend upon Information technology. Cloud Technology is the most prominent technology by which company manage their resource that is required to perform computing and share the information with security through Internet. Toady’s every company want to migrate on cloud computing but selecting the right cloud service vender which meet the company’s requirement is most important. In this paper n this Paper, the main three cloud computing service provider namely Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud, were studied. Also, we compare the services they offer. This study main aims of this research paper to helping those organization who want to migrate to cloud computing and choose the correct service provider which meets their business requirement.

Present research was carried out to examine the extent of teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative teaching strategies in private and public sector secondary schools, it further aimed to identify differences in the responses to teachers across teaching experience and professional background. A random sample of 100 secondary schools teachers were collected from various private and public sector schools of Islamabad. In this study 16 selected teaching strategies used to analyze teachers awareness and its utilization in classroom settings. For the measurement of research objective a questionnaire comprised of two section was develop, section 1 was based on awareness of innovative teaching strategies (32 items) and part 2 based on the utilization of innovative teaching strategies (16, items). Result reveled that level of teachers’ awareness and utilization of innovative strategies was high in the private sector schools as compared to the public sector schools, moreover teachers with more work experience and professional qualifications are aware with innovative teaching methodologies.

Akaike information criterion, AIC is widely used for model selection. The AIC as the estimator of asymptotically unbias for the second term Kullbake-Leibler risk considers the divergency between true model and offered models. The AIC, is an inconsistent estimator. In this article the proposed approach the problem the inconsistency of AIC, it is the use of consistent offered information criterion, called M1IC (Masumeh information criterion). At the end of these two information criteria of model selection of classic and linear models have been considered by the simulation of Monte-Carlo.

The problem of generating epsilon of room is drawing the attention of the reliability analyst. Amongst those approaches, the characterization approach and the modelling approach are very appealing. In fact characterization approach is of interest to both theoreticians and applied workers. Here we have created an epsilon of room for application through characterization approach. In our application we have considered days of Menstrual Cycle with Melatonin hormone as variable compared with both control group and experimental group as women stress effects. Here we have used epsilon room (soft analysis) in the pineal gland. We have further discussed the main important point for saving energy to fight with the stress effects. The Hormones like Melatonin in the night time will be regulated as Melatonin is the night hormone which secretes in the pineal gland. If it secretes uniformly all other hormones like serotonin will be regulated in the day time.

National curriculum framework(2005) focuses on 21st century learning, ensuring learners are equipped to participate in and contribute to their own society and the wider world. An important aspect of this is encouraging students to consider significant future-focused issues such as sustainability.The future-focus theme of sustainability should be evident throughout the curriculum in school education. Structuring learning around a unifying theme such as sustainability provides opportunities for students to make connections between learning areas, competencies, and values. It requires teaching and learning approaches that draw on all elements of effective pedagogy and focuses on empowering students to take action for a sustainable future.Sustainability connects to the principle environmental health is personal health. The curriculum should endorse a place for the school, the family, the community to focus on the place of the student in their own world. Therefore, the school-based curriculum should supports holistic teaching programmes and learning pathways which enable the learner to engage purposefully with the environment.Education for sustainability is about learning to think and act in ways that will safeguard the future wellbeing of people and our planet. Many contexts, topics, or issues that students could explore have a connection to education for sustainability. There are opportunities in most learning areas for students to examine how the resources we use and what gets left over affects the earth.Teachers can introduce students to attitudes and values towards the environment, and create opportunities to explore their own. Students will also have opportunities to take action on issues that are meaningful to them, explore why an issue is important and develop the skills they need to create change.

Photovoltaic (PV) Smart Grid systems can make a positive contribution to the sustainability of rural communities in developing countries that do not have access to electricity grid. Integration of solar photovoltaic system with diesel generator for remote and rural areas would assist in expanding the electricity access in the tropical region. The Smart Grid approach performance in terms of technical and economic aspects and their prospects has been presented in this paper.