Archives-December 

The main objective of this paper is to establish two summation formulae based on half argument involving Contiguous Relation. The results derived in this paper are of general character.

With the proliferation of ICT services, libraries are moving towards use of electronic information resources and services (EIRS) such as Integrated Library Systems (ILS), internet, online databases, online catalogues and interlibrary information sharing. This study aimed at establishing the type of electronic information resources and services (EIRS) provided in the Kenyan academic libraries and focused on a selected number of academic libraries namely: University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenyatta University (KU), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) and Kenya Technical Teachers College (KTTC). The study used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The study used descriptive survey to collect information by interviewing and administering questionnaires to a sample of 264 individuals. The target population for this study was made up of the students, library staff, and teaching staff of five academic libraries Interview schedules were used on the chief librarians to get specific information. Questionnaires were used to collect information about library users’ attitudes, opinions, habits or any social issues. The study used descriptive statistical techniques to analyze the collected data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analysis where frequencies, means and modes were drawn from the data. Findings showed that the EIRS offered were computers, online Bibliography, OPAC, online Journals, online interlibrary sharing, DVDs, CD-ROMs and video tapes. Further, findings showed that computers and online journals were the frequently used EIRS while talking tapes were never used by the respondents. The study recommends the need for the users to be adequately equipped with the right skills on the use of the EIRS so that the there is utilization of the EIRS provided in the libraries.

The Sm3+doped Y2O3 phosphor has been prepared by using combustion technique. The visible frequency upconversion emission has been observed from the developed phosphor under excitation with a 980 nm diode laser excitation. The upconversion mechanism involved in the Sm3+ doped Y2O3 phosphor has been explained on the basis of excited state absorption (ESA) process.

Volatile oils of Dioclea reflexa (Fabaceae) roots were obtained by hydrostillation and analysed using GC and GC-MS. A total of 15 compounds were identified; hydrocarbons being the dominating group of the compounds representing 69.27 %. Oxygenated monoterpenoids identified included terpinen-4-ol (2.47 %), myrtenal (1.69 %), verbenone (1.25 %), trans-pinocarveol (2.86 %) and thymol (1.30 %); also stearyl iodide (10.33 %) was identified.

This paper is a review on Warranty analysis, it basically explain about how warranty cost is important to handle carefully by all element of organization. Warranty cost needs uniformity to analyze throughout its user. Warranty cost analysis is challenging procedure as data become complicated when it consider different real life situations. Warranty claims are also part of effective warranty analysis. Different models explained by researches discussed to understand warranty analysis aspect. It studied different model for warranty analysis.

To report two cases of right crossed non-fused renal ectopia diagnosed in male patients about 30 years of age who arrived to emergency Centre’s with symptoms of renal colic. We report two cases of male patients who arrived to an emergency centre complaining of colic lumbar pain. Crossed renal ectopia was finally revealed by means of intravenous urogram after several analytical and imaging examinations. Right crossed non-fused renal ectopia is an uncommon congenital anomaly with a higher incidence in males. It is much more common to find a crossed fused renal ectopia of the orthotopic kidney. In contrast, if there is no fusion it may be located on the lower portion of the normal kidney, which is not the case in this instance. This malformation is not usually accompanied by other congenital anomalies. Most of cases are spontaneously solved and they do not require an intercurrent surgical intervention.

The study includes the determination of Ni (II) using azo reagent Benzenesulfonate, 4,4’-[3-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-diyl]bis-, hydrogen sodium salt (1:1:1) spectrophotometric at (?max 562 nm) wave length. The effect of different parameters on determination is evaluated. The study shows that best PH=(7±0.1). The study includes obey concentration of Beer-Lambert law to determination of the calibration graph of Ni(II) by reagent. From this graph we note obey the concentration of law was between (2-50) µg of Ni(II) after this values the absorbance increased. The stoichiometry of complex Nickel ion determined by molar ratio method. Result indicated reagent to metal ratio was (1:2) the stability constant of the complex determination through mole ratio method and its value indicated good stability. The UV-Vis spectra and the IR spectra of the complex and reagent were measured. From all mentioned studies proposed structural formula of Ni(II) complex.

This paper introduces a new improved ratio estimator for population mean in stratified random sampling using calibration estimation theory. Following the results of an empirical study, it is deduced that the proposed estimator is substantially more efficient than existing estimators of its class.

Uses of Wireless sensor networks have been widely seen in the fields of target detection and tracking, environmental monitoring, industrial process monitoring, and tactical systems. In wireless sensor networks nodes work with an incomplete power source, energy efficient operations in an important factor of the nodes in wireless sensor network. Energy conservation plays important role in different layers of the TCP/IP protocol suit, and for MAC layer it is the effective part. Therefore, to work in wireless communicating sensors network, we use MAC protocol which improve energy efficiency by increasing sleep duration, decreasing idle listening and overhearing, and eliminating hidden terminal problem or collision of packets. In this paper First section we describe the accessible energy –efficient MAC protocols for sensor networks their energy saving method. In Second section we discuss the architecture of same protocols and then compare same protocols depending on their Advantages and Disadvantages.

Institutional counsellors, like all mental health professionals are at a high risk of suffering burnout. High caseloads and job role ambiguity increase their propensity for burnout. The purpose of this study was to establish counsellor burnout levels in public and in private universities in Uasin Gishu County. The target population comprised of counsellors from all public and private universities in Uasin Gishu County. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Questionnaire (MBIQ) was used to collect data. The study established that burnout levels among counsellors in the public universities were found to be higher than in the private universities. The caseloads handled by counsellors in public universities were generally higher than those of their counterparts in private universities due to the student-counsellor ratio in public universities which was higher than the recommended ratio. Counsellor Training Institutions (CTI) should incorporate burnout theoretical knowledge in the counsellor training curriculum. The findings are significant to the management of universities and other learning institutions in formulating policies on student-counsellor ratio. Key words: Counsellor, Burnout, Burnout levels, Public University, Private University