Archives-December 

In Indian context, culture, traditions, customs and taboos influenced meat consumption to a great extent especially in rural societies. The cultural differences within a state and between states are also accountable for variations in meat consumption patterns. A study was performed to ascertain the preference of consumers towards the meat purchasing locations among rural, semi-urban and urban households in Karnataka with sample size of 90 meat eating respondents and 30 non-meat eating responds. The Garrett’s ranking technique was adopted for the present study. The results showed that the respondents of rural and semi-urban area had better opportunity to purchase meat at retail shops whereas the respondents of urban area had opportunity to purchase meat at supermarkets due to their living conditions, standard life style and work nature.

RTS beverages were prepared using fermented carrot juice and sweet lime. Carrots were fermented with Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum at ambient temperatures with 2 percent bacteria and 2.5 percent salt for 24-48 hours. Juice of the fermented carrots was combined with sweet lime juice in 50:50 (V1 and V4), 75:25 (V2 and V5) and 25:75 (V3 and V6) ratios. The beverages were prepared as per FPO specifications and organoleptically evaluated. The TSS value of RTS beverages ranged between 140B to 210B. There was no microbial growth in RTS beverages prepared with fermented carrots up to 30 days of storage. The increase in microbial load after 45 days of storage was negligible and safe for consumption; however the increase was substantial in the standard.

Osthol, 7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) coumarin, was isolated from the root parts of Prangos pabularia and was subjected to modification in the isopentenyl side chain to get an aldehyde 2- Methyl-4-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)-but-2-en-1-al (1). The structures of osthol and compound 1 were elucidated on the basis of MS, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 on bio-evaluation displayed significant antimicrobial and antifungal activity.

The 4-benzylidene-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-5(4H)-one (B) has been prepared from cyclocondensation reaction between hippuric acid (A) with p-anisaldehyde. A series of 4-benzylidene-1-(substitued-2-benzothiazolyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one (D1-6) have been synthesized from 2-amino substituted benzothiazole (C1-6) by condensation reaction with 4-benzylidene-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)oxazol-5(4H)-one (B). The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral data. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

IELTS, International English Language Testing System, is designed to assess the language ability of candidates who intend to study, work, or live where English is used as the language of communication. Highly significant growth in candidature particularly in South Asia and the Middle East clearly illustrates how globally IELTS is recognized currently. Statistics demonstrate that Iran was among the top 25 locations in which candidates took IELTS in 2003 (IELTS Annual Review, 2003). Surprisingly, there seems to be a deviation from the communicative into prestigious purposes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the underlying hidden factor motivating Iranian IELTS candidates to prepare for the test. The target population of this study consisted of 300 IELTS candidates and 20 IELTS teachers. They were given a questionnaire and subsequently 30 of the participants underwent a semi-structured interview to elicit more information on what motivated them to go for IELTS. After the qualitative analysis of the data, the findings indicated that the hidden factor underlying all the motivating factors for the majority of Iranian IELTS candidates is prestige.

The second generation bioethanol production (G2) is made from cellulose and hemicellulose. This research aim was to determine the concentration of 1-3% NaOH solution and the best immersion time in the pre-treatment process in the manufacture of bioethanol from lignocellulose raw materials of palm oil stems. NaOH concentration (1%, 2% and 3%) and immersion time of oil palm lignocellulose stem had no significant effect on bioethanol levels. The bioethanol levels produced were still very good. The best treatment was X4.

Mosquito-borne disease, especially malaria and Dengue fever causes serious public health problems in district Dehradun, one of the most populous district of Uttarakhand states after Haridwar. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes act as the major vector of Dengue fever in this city. The present study on prevalence of dengue in Dehradun city was undertaken between January 2012 and December 2012 to assess the distribution pattern of dengue vectors and their seasonal variations. Indoor resting mosquitoes were collected from four selected localities by aspirator and torch light in morning hours (06:00-08:00hr). A total of 971 houses were searched during house to house larval and adult survey. Aedes breeding could be detected in 226 houses. In all, a total of 684 domestic water containers were searched, out of which 93 were found positive. The overall house index (HI), container index (CI), Breteau index (BI) and pupal index (PI) were 23.27%, 13.60%, 9.58% and 5.87% respectively. The study revealed that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are well established in Dehradun city with most of the areas showing high adult and larval indices.

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a common bacillary infection in our population but primary tuberculous liver abscess in a non-immunocompromised patient is an extremely rare occurrence. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature to this day to our knowledge. Its management often requires medical treatment or in combination with percutaneous drainage, but it may take on a surgical appearance. We report here a new case of an isolated tuberculous liver abscess extended to the chest wall in a 32 years old female which was successfully managed with surgical approach and anti tubercular therapy. This location presents a considerable diagnosis challenge. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver cystic lesions, especially in a high tuberculosis prevalence country.

In the present day scenario rapid product development (RPD) becomes essential for product manufacturers for their survival. However, success of RPD depends on advancement and effective utilization of many more available technologies. Now with the availability of Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) for RPD making the demands of the present day industry are taken care. The product development by CAD/CAM reduces the considerable time of equipment and is made with higher accuracy and repeat-ability resulting in faster development of products and less rejection in the long run this approach to product developing results in cost effectiveness. This paper reviews the technological advancements in CAD/CAM Systems. This paper also depicts the lead-time reduction in product development through modeling with CAD/CAM and application of reverse engineering, Rapid prototyping and CNC approach to RPD.

Fingerprint recognition is one of the most prominent biometric identification techniques. The features of fingerprint are broadly classified into three categories namely level 1, level 2 and level 3 features. In order to increase the recognition rate here the hierarchical matching technique is used which allows us to use all levels of features hierarchically. The level 3 features can be observed only in 1000 dpi images. So the matching is performed on a 1000 dpi fingerprint database captured using Hamster IV fingerprint scanner. At the first level of hierarchical matching the agreement between two orientation images is tested using dot product of the images. If an image is accepted at the first level it is brought to the second level of matching where minutiae details are tested. If an image crosses this stage as accepted then the decision will be taken as genuine otherwise the image will be given to the third level. The third level extracts the level 3 features such as pores and ridge contour points using Dynamic Anisotropic Pore Model (DAPM) and Mexican hat wavelet transform respectively. For each matched minutiae the pores and ridge contour points within the associated region of that minutiae will be matched. Based on the third level of matching a person is accepted as genuine or rejected as imposter.