Archives-December  

Data dependencies between instructions have traditionally limited the ability of processors to execute instructions in parallel. Data value predictors are used to overcome these dependencies by guessing the outcomes of instructions in a program. Because mispredictions can result in a significant performance decrease, most data value predictors include a confidence estimator that indicates whether a prediction should be used or not.Much research has been done recently in the area of data value prediction as a means of overcoming these data dependencies [7,8,9,10,11,17,18,20,21]. The goal of data value prediction is to guess the outcome of an instruction before the instruction is actually executed, allowing future instructions that depend on its outcome to be executed sooner. Data value predictors are usually designed to look for patterns among the data produced in repeated iterations of static instructions. Accurate prediction can be attained when the repeated outcomes of a particular instruction follow easily discernable patterns.This paper presents a global approach to confidence estimation in which the prediction accuracy of previous instructions is used to estimate the confidence of the current prediction. Data value prediction is done using perceptrons and Support Vector Machines are used to identify which past instructions affect the accuracy of a prediction and to decide based on their results whether the prediction is likely to be correct or not .

The present study is based on an empirical survey of 150 self help groups in the 4 districts of north Karnataka region covering 400 members (100 members from each district) with a focus on two major aspects of the (SHG) covered by the study viz., motivational factors and purpose for joining the SHG and the financial assistance to members by the SHG and their utilization. The major purposes for which the selected members joined their respective SHGs included financial security, enhancing their social status, increasing self esteem, attaining power and increasing family business/trade. Responses of the members are almost indicative of all these socio-economic purposes. Major motivational sources for joining the SHG included own decision, friends, relatives, caste leaders, panchayat chairman / members, Anganwadi teachers, NGOs, bank officials and others. The study revealed that ‘own decision’ and ‘friends’ were the major sources of motivation for joining the SHGs. The area of assistance needed by SHG members have been wide ranging including using own and bank finances for loan advancing to members, providing raw materials, ensuring supply of electricity through Karnataka Electricity Board(KEB), arranging training, providing marketing information ,technical assistance etc. Large number of respondent members of SHGs have obtained bank loan through SHGs. Major Purposes of obtaining loan related to dairy business and agriculture. The overall results of the survey indicated a positive impact in membership of SHG on the respondents’ socio economic status as a result of their membership and involvement in SHGs.

The paper presents Nigeria’s 2011 General Election and 2015 Biometric Voting (Electronic voting) system. The paper adopts the critical, theoretical and documentary research methods in describing Nigeria’s 2011 general election and 2015 electronic voting system. The paper finds that the 2011 general election was credible, reliable and transparent. Also that the implantation of the automated electoral system using Biometric Data would enable the hosting of free and fair election in Nigeria. Three major implications are identified: first to scholars on the investigation of the link between national elections and electronic voting (e-voting). Further study to empirically investigate the relationship between national election and e-voting using our proposed conceptual and operational framework. To the citizen, they can have the opportunity in choosing their leaders by exercising their rights in a democratic process. The paper recommends: that the government establish voters list updating: provide a biometric data base of all Nigerians both at home and abroad; the provision of regular power supply to effectively allow for the use of the biometric system; maintenance of adequate security; and leaders to fulfil their obligations and have fear of God in execution of their duties.

In this paper, we apply our generalized theorem on summability to derive some approximation formulae of the series involving quadruple hypergeometric function K12. This work may be useful in the field for computation of the solution of hydrodynamical problems. 2000 AMS Classification: 32A05, 33C47, 33C70, 33C90, 40A05, 40A25, 40D05.

This study is aimed at investigating the differential amount of importance which materials developers should attach to semi-technical, technical, and core vocabulary in ESP books. To do so, two major authentic introductory books prepared for the students of political science have been examined carefully in terms of their proportion of semi-technical, technical and core vocabulary. In order to examine the utility of books currently taught in the Iranian universities, two preparatory ESP books developed for the Persian students of political science were, also, scrutinized in terms of their proportion of semi-technical, technical, and core vocabulary. Put in another way, an attempt was made to investigate the degree of representativeness of ESP books in terms of the abovementioned types of vocabulary. After the word counts the authentic and ESP books were compared with each other. Results showed that the 40,000 words counted in the two authentic books were comprised of: 63% core vocabulary, 22% semi-technical vocabulary, and 15% technical vocabulary. The 40,000 words counted in the two preparatory ESP books were comprised of 56% core vocabulary, 33% semi-technical vocabulary, and 11% technical vocabulary. Results obtained from the frequency counts in this study lend support to the idea that technical vocabulary by virtue of its small proportion should not assume much import— if not ignored in its entirety. Notwithstanding, materials developers are suggested to place a higher priority on semi-technical, as this type of vocabulary is more frequent and variable.

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes is a major health problem with more than million of death occurs due to opportunistic fungal infection annually. The risk of opportunistic infections increases with high sugar level in diabetic patients causes high morbidity and mortality. These fungal infection increases with geographical location, which varies from region to region. This research was carried out to view the occurrence of fungal infections among diabetes patients in central Nepal. Methods: this is a tertiary care centre based descriptive study carried out in the Department of Microbiology, CMS-TH, Bharatpur, Nepal over a period of two year from (January 2018 to December 2020). A total of 300 clinically fungal infection suspected uncontrolled diabetes samples were enrolled for our study. Informed written consent was taken from individual patients for the research. Fungal isolation and identification was done as per standard Microbiological procedure. Result: Out of 300 clinically suspected opportunistic fungal infection in diabetes patients only showed 60 patients fungal culture positive, giving an incidence of (20.0%). The majority of infections were by saprophytic fungal species of Candida 37(61.7%) followed by Aspergillus 9(15.0%), Cryptococcus 5(8.3%) and Mucor 3(5.0%) in that order. Only 2(3.3%) Trichosporon and Fusarium each; and 1(1.7%) Pseudoallescheria boydii were also isolated from skin and soft tissue infections of diabetes patients. One 1(1.7%) dematiaceous unidentified fungus was also identified. Conclusion: The opportunistic fungi mostly isolated from diabetes patients were Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus and Mucor species. Trichosporon, Fusarium; and Pseudoallescheria boydii were least isolated from different clinical samples. 

In recent times the production sectors (PS) have started to concentrate not only on product production but also on an additional perspective that is research and product analysis in multidimensional aspects. The PS before commencing the production process have now started to find the ways and means of enhancing the product’s features and also they have began to analyze the propagation extent of the product that is the level of the reach of the product. The main notion of carrying out such activities is to produce novelty products. To achieve this PS seek the assistance of many consultancies or they establish research centre in their production environment. Conventional Inventory models do not satisfy the present needs of PS therefore inventive inventory model considering associated costs of research and product analysis have to be formulated. To fulfill this, inventory model is formulated with Decagonal Fuzzy Numbers to overcome the existing uncertainty. In this paper a new approach of Pascal’s Triangle Graded mean Approach is used for Decagonal Fuzzy number. Also Decagonal fuzzy number gives a better optimal value than all other types of fuzzy number.

This paper proposed the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) type multiple stabilizers to damp inter-area and intra-area low frequency oscillations in power system utility. To improve power system stability, optimal tuning of the PID type stabilizer gains and non-smooth nonlinear parameters is importance and a challenging task to accommodate variations in the power system dynamics, mainly when multiple PSSs are applied. Because, it is a computationally expensive combinational and nonlinear optimization problem. In this paper, Elitist Gravitational Search Algorithm (EGSA) is proposed to optimize multiple PID type PSSs gains tuning problem, simultaneously in order to reduce stabilizer design effort and find the best possible solution. The EGSA is a novel meta-heuristic stochastic optimization algorithm and simulates the masses cooperate using a direct form of communication through gravitational force to find the best possible solution within a reasonable computation time. It provides both global and local search by changing the velocities over time to determine distance and direction of agents (masses) for significant increasing the probability of finding the optimal solution and efficiently avoiding local optimum to a large extent. To optimize of multiple PSSs gains a nonlinear time domain-based objective function under various operating conditions is considered. It is solved using EGSA technique that has strong and robust search capability than the other heuristic optimization algorithm, as well as is being easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed EGSA based stabilizers is investigated on a two-area four machine power system through the nonlinear time domain simulation and some performance indices under different operation condition and system configurations. The performance of the proposed stabilizer is compared with those of standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and PSO with time variant acceleration coefficients based designed PSSs to illustrate its robustness and damping quality. The results analysis reveals that the EGSA based tuned PID type PSS is effective and achieves good low frequency oscillations damping capability. Moreover, it is superior that of the PSO method in terms of accuracy, convergence and computational effort.

In Indian context, culture, traditions, customs and taboos influenced meat consumption to a great extent especially in rural societies. The cultural differences within a state and between states are also accountable for variations in meat consumption patterns. A study was performed to ascertain the preference of consumers towards the meat purchasing locations among rural, semi-urban and urban households in Karnataka with sample size of 90 meat eating respondents and 30 non-meat eating responds. The Garrett’s ranking technique was adopted for the present study. The results showed that the respondents of rural and semi-urban area had better opportunity to purchase meat at retail shops whereas the respondents of urban area had opportunity to purchase meat at supermarkets due to their living conditions, standard life style and work nature.

RTS beverages were prepared using fermented carrot juice and sweet lime. Carrots were fermented with Streptococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum at ambient temperatures with 2 percent bacteria and 2.5 percent salt for 24-48 hours. Juice of the fermented carrots was combined with sweet lime juice in 50:50 (V1 and V4), 75:25 (V2 and V5) and 25:75 (V3 and V6) ratios. The beverages were prepared as per FPO specifications and organoleptically evaluated. The TSS value of RTS beverages ranged between 140B to 210B. There was no microbial growth in RTS beverages prepared with fermented carrots up to 30 days of storage. The increase in microbial load after 45 days of storage was negligible and safe for consumption; however the increase was substantial in the standard.