Archives-December  

Participation is a phenomenon that has long been associated with the evolution of human life, but in the 1950s and 1960s, when imported programs from the West to developing was failed because of lack of people participation, regarding to this phenomenon and emphasis on its role as an agent of development was increased and after that, the foundation of development strategies, community participation approach was formed as a basic human need. Regarding to the importance of the topic in this research by using field method, techniques and survey questionnaire sought answers to this question” Social and cultural factors involved in the construction of mosques and religious site, what are people? Given the importance of social and cultural factors involved in the construction of mosques and popular religious site in this study to analyze the relationship between variables such as socio-economic status of family, religion, social trust, sex, age, and education as independent variables and relationships it was a turnout as the dependent variable. The results indicate that among all the independent variables with the dependent variable, there was a direct and significant relationship.

ILO protocols contain fundamental values of labor laws. Since labor laws are devised by human identity and non-ideological to support workers and to mitigate real inequalities in legal relationship between client and workers, such protocols can be used as efficient criteria to measure and value labor laws domestic norms. In this vein, radical ILO protocols on labor associations and their negotiations with clients are highly important due to their natures. Studying radical protocols on “collective negotiations and treaties” and “expanding collective negotiations” indicates that it is sufficiently attempted in Iranian legal system to execute general principles of such documents in labor laws related issues. Some attempts have come to conclusions while others are yet far from achieving relevant standards

The decision Mechanism is the concluding phase of any decision making process. This paper discusses on the different methodologies available for implementing the decision mechanisms. The paper preambles with a brief description on set of conventional MCDM techniques like Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Simple Additive weighting Method (SAW) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Grey Rational Analysis (GRA), along with benefits and limitations of each technique. The different intelligent/soft computing techniques that are widely used in decision making processes like fuzzy logic, neural networks are discussed and finally confines the discussion is confined to the different neural network (NN) based decision support systems. The paper proposes an architecture for fuzzy neural network based call admission control decision mechanism for heterogeneous wireless networks environment.

Alkylation reactions of phenol with dimerization products of devinylated C4-fraction obtained by the pyrolysis of low-octane gasoil were studied in the presence of KU-23 catalyst. Alkylation reaction was carried out on the continuous unit. As a result of alkylation reaction, it was studied the influence of temperature, time, initial components mol ratios and catalyst amount on the yield and selectivity. From the results of the researches it’s evident that alkylation of phenol pyrolysis process with dimerization products of C4-fraction in the presence of KU-23 catalyst are carried out under the following conditions: tempe¬rature 120°C, mole ratio of phenol to the fraction - 1:2, reaction time - 5 hours and catalyst amount - 10%. In this case the yield of the target product on phenol was 80.4%, and selectivity on the target pro¬duct was 95.7%.

To exploit limited spectrum efficiently CR technology allows unlicensed users to access licensed spectrum bands. Since licensed users have priorities to use the bands, the unlicensed users need to continuously monitor the licensed user’s activities to avoid interference and collisions. To obtain reliable results of the licensed user’s activities is the main task for spectrum sensing. Based on the sensing results the unlicensed users should adapt their transmit powers and access strategies to protect the licensed communications. This paper presents a new spectrum sensing method based on Time-Frequency Analysis. Several realistic signals are taken under different noisy conditions for analysis using Frequency Slice Wavelet Transform (FSWT) to verify its superiority in spectrum sensing.

Reducing poverty has become a priority objective of any policy based on the planning of economic and social development, we will present various strategies adopted by Tunisia to fight against poverty. In analyzing the economic and social situation in Tunisia and to test the relationship between poverty and economic growth in Tunisia, that is to say, to have it was if growth benefits the poor or not.

The molecular vibrations of 1-Naphthol were investigated in polycrystalline sample, at room temperature, by FT- IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. In parallel, ab initio and various density functional (DFT) methods were used to determine the geometrical, energetic and vibrational characteristics of 1-Naphthol. On the basis of B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311+G** methods and basis set combinations, a normal mode analysis was performed to assign the various fundamental frequencies according to the total energy distribution (TED). The vibrational spectra were interpreted, with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical force field. The Infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Comparison of simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes. Simulation of Infrared and Raman spectra, utilizing the results of these calculations led to excellent overall agreement with observed spectral patterns.The investigation is performed using quantum chemical calculations conducted by means of the Gaussian 98W and Guassview set of programs. Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability.

The aim of this study is to investigate Study of effect of selected program swimming on improving performance employees in Mobarakeh steel complex. Among 62000 intermediate category employees, 30 persons were randomly selected and divided into two groups, experimental group and control. in the first stage of study , one questionnaire was made with 30 questions that measured factors of improving practical performance and relations , creativity and enforcing practical contribution and self confidence and distributed between these experimental and control group and then they were completed , after that experimental group participated regularly in practical programs of swimming for 8 weeks with sessions and every session 1 hour and 15 min and after finishing practical period , they were examined by a test data were analyzed and following results obtained. The result shows that level of improving practical performance in experimental group in last test has meaningful effect than control group. (p<0.01). It is shown that selected practices of swimming have meaningful effect on practical performance and relations, creativity and enforcing practical contribution and self confidence. (p<0.01). This study shows generally meaningful effect on performance Mobarakeh steel employees and it is necessary that spread programs are presented for all productive industries employees and finally cause to increase products both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Concern of environmental pollution and energy crisis all over the world have caused the research attention on reduction of diesel engine exhaust emissions and saving of energy simultaneously. An experimental study has been carried out for combined effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system and varying inlet air pressure on performance and emission of diesel engine. As we know that the diesel engine are known for their high NOx formation and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is being used widely to reduce and control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission from diesel engines.

The present investigation makes an attempt to study the modulus of elasticity of concrete , concrete in which M-sand is used as a partial and full replacement for natural sand. E is an important parameter reflecting the ability of concrete to deform elastically.M20 and M25 grade of concrete was investigated by replacing natural sand by M-sand at replacement levels of 25%, 50%, 75%, sand 100%. The results revealed that there is an increase in the value modulus of elasticity of concrete as the percentage of m sand increases also it is observed that the stress-strain behavior exhibits non-linear variation