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Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMS) are fuzzy graph structures representing casual reasoning. FCM was introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986 .A detailed report on the harmful effect faced by the people with the usage of pesticide in India was telecasted in star T.V.dated June 24, 2012 “SATYAMEVA JAYATHE” anchored by filim star Amir Khan. In this paper we study to identify the cause of using Endosulfan which leads to most dangerous side effects in human beings and animals. FCMs are more applicable when the data is an unsupervised one. As this problem involves more uncertainties FCM is one of the best tools to study the problem.

This paper presents preparation, characterization and humidity sensing properties of SnO2 thin films. In the present investigations, the nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. These films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The humidity sensing properties of prepared SnO2 thin films were investigated in lab-built sensing unit. The prepared SnO2 thin films show excellent response to humidity changes with fast response and recovery time.

The distributed synchronous compensation is a shunt connected FACTS device which supplies reactive power to the load to improve the voltage stability of the load buses. In this system the voltage regulation can be improved by reducing the losses. This work deals with comparison of Push Pull and Voltage Inverter based D-STATCOM for multi bus system. Eight bus system is modeled using the elements of SIMULATION. The models are developed for eight bus system with and without D-STATCOM. The two D- STATCOM systems are compared with respect to total harmonic distortion and reactive power comparison. The D-STATCOM is studied with respect to the voltage stability improvement at the load buses. The results of VSI based D-STATCOM system are compared with those of Push pull inverter based D-STATCOM system.

As an important part, Construction Industry provides important compositions for promotion of economy. Meanwhile most of projects have experienced various delays in a special form which are mostly for primary time and estimation of costs. Delay in construction is one of the specific problems with a converse effect on projects success from viewpoints of time, costs, quality and safety. This paper is about time function in dam making projects in Iran and defining any reasons for delay and also their severity according to the ideas of contractors and consultants through a questionnaire research. Its field research includes 34 contractors and 30 consultants. About 52 factors of delay were defined through this research. The conclusion of research was defining five serious reasons of delay including: Political conditions, Economic conditions, Limited imports, Granting of project with least tender prices, Delay in payment by employer and lack of equipment.

The Einstein generalized general relativity Lagrangian dependent on the second derivatives of the field, when use together with poison equation causes the mass term in the Lagrangian disappear. This means that Higgs field which was proposed to generate mass need to be revised. The work also aimed to see how Einstein generalized general relativity Lagrangian can affect Higgs field.

Social capital as an asset widely important for maintaining health, freshness and empowerment of civil society organizations have been accepted. in this article, relationship between social capital management development in the work environment and in particular the importance of gender in social capital formation examines. although women are continually entering the workplace In the past half century has been growing and economic equality with men in obtaining a long step has been taken, Statistics have shown that women than men in career advancement, Post acquisition and compensation levels of less priority.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and delinquency in adolescents.This research has been conducted using a survey. In this research, 400 adolescent boys in Tehran were selected as samples based on the Cochran formula. Data were collected using researcher built- questionnaires. The results showed that with enhancement of social capital, levels of delinquency in adolescent boys decrease. And also by increasing the dimensions of social capital including social participation, social confidence, social support, social solidarity and interrelationships with others the delinquency in adolescent boys decreases and these relationships was statistically significant (p<0.001). The results of multivariable regression also showed that dimensions of social participation, social confidence, social support, and social solidarity were as predictors of delinquency in adolescent boys (p<0.001) and by increasing them the levels of delinquency in adolescent boys decreased.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (236TMP) were recorded in the regions 4000-400 cm^-1 and 4000-100 cm^-1. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) and standard B3LYP/6-311+G** basis set combination. The vibrational spectra were interpreted, with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) force field. The Infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Comparison of simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes. Unambiguous vibrational assignment of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED). Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method were also calculated for the molecule.

The need to have vocational guidance and counseling integrated into the secondary school curriculum has become more necessary in the modern times than it was several years ago. This could be so due to changing nature of job opportunities, job scarcity, explosion of knowledge and new technologies. Vocational Guidance and Counseling is offered to meet learners career needs, aspirations and job mobility. The objective of the study was to determine students’ perception of the impact of guidance and counseling programme on the satisfaction of vocational needs. The research study was guided by Gestalt theory of perception. The theory was appropriate because of the complex psychological backgrounds which informed the respondents perceptions. The target population for the study was all students drawn from secondary schools in North and South Rift Valley region of kenya. Four hundred and fifty students were selected through stratified random sampling from ten secondary schools. Self – developed questionnaires were used for data collection. Ex post facto research design was utilized for the study. The reliability of the instrument was SPQ = 0.893. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means) and inferential statistics (t – test and Anova). The statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) used to test null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The content validity was ascertain through expert judgement opinion. The findings indicated that the respondents perception on the impact of guidance and counseling on satisfaction of vocational needs was uncertain (neutral perception) which meant that the impact was not significant. Students were not convince that the guidance programme has had any effect on self-employment skills, learning about talents, career available outside Kenya and career mentoring. The Category of School (Mixed Boarding) was found significant in its influence on perception of students of on the impact of guidance and counseling on vocational needs while age, gender, school type and class levels was found insignificant. This paper recommends reviewing the vocational guidance programmes to be more practical and consumer friendly for it to be more appealing to learners in order to satisfy their career needs. The paper concludes with a suggestion that vocational guidance can be entrenched in the regular school curriculum for it to be more visible and creation of awareness on the value of vocational guidance and counseling.

The linear and mass attenuation coefficients have been estimated for four selected Ghanaian hardwood species namely Kroma (Klainedoxa gabonensis), Potrodom (Erythrophleum africanum), Dahoma (Piptadenia africana) and Odum (Milicia excelsa), using a selection of eight X-ray qualities with tube voltages ranging from 34 kV to 150 kV generated by a Philips MG324 Constant Potential X-ray Generator. For Kroma of average density, 1055.7 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.52 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.29 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Potrodom of average density, 1013.0 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.53 ± 0.05E-6 to 4.06 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg-1. For Dahoma of average density, 785.5 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.35 ± 0.05E-6 to 3.94 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. For Odum of average density, 582.3 kg m-3, the mass attenuation coefficients range from 1.54 ± 0.05E-6 to 5.41 ± 0.05E-6 m2 kg -1. Experimental results show that for both high and medium filtered X-ray spectra, Kroma has the highest linear attenuation coefficient and is therefore, the most efficient attenuator, followed by Potrodom, Dahoma and then Odum. Half and tenth-value layers of Kroma and Potrodom have been found to be comparable to that of gypsum wallboard, a material of approximate density, 700 kg m-3 intermittently used for shielding against scatter radiation in some medical X-ray diagnostic facilities. Furthermore, X-ray attenuation characteristics of Kroma and Potrodom compare well with that of gypsum wallboard, thereby rendering it a suitable alternative shielding material that could be considered in low-level X-ray applications such as in dentistry and mammography in Ghana.