Archives-  

In this paper, we prove the existence of mild solutions for fractional semilinear integro- differential systems with infinite delay in ?-norm in Banach spaces. The results are obtained by using Banach contraction principle and Schauder's fixed point theorem. In the end, we give an example to illustrate the applications of the abstract results.

In this work, an experimental study to obtain the fatigue endurance limit for an aluminum alloy7075-T651 were carried out at stress ratio R=-1 and rotary bending tests. The fatigue tests were performed at RT and 250 °C in order to establish the S–N curve equations. The fatigue endurance limits for the alloy at different temperature conditions were calculated at 107 cycles from the empirical S-N curve equations. It was found that the fatigue endurance limit decrease with increasing the temperature. Also The effect of shot peening on the rotating bending fatigue behavior of 7075-T651 was studied. The fatigue strength of specimens tested at250oC at 107cycles is reduced about 12%. The fatigue strength of specimens tested at250oC prior to (10 min.) SP at 107cycles is increased by 7.2%. The roughness of the samples increases after shot peening which leads to the deterioration of the fatigue strength, because the surface of the samples become prone to nucleation of cracks.

The Baylis-Hillmann reaction of 8-formyl-7-hydroxy furyl chromones on react with Acrylonitrile in DABCO/CHCl3 medium under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature gives of 2-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-4oxo-4H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-9-carbonitrilies (4a-h) in good yields.

In this paper output force controlling for three degree freedom (DOF) surgical robotic arm by using genetic algorithm with PID controller. The aim of the controller is to improve and adjust the output force of the arm and optimization parameters such as kp, ki and kd by Genetic Algorithm without hid and trail method is taken. The optimization design methods often consider the system requirements for quickness, reliability, and accuracy. This robot is used in the field of surgery. So surgical robotic arm require don’t oscillate and no max. Overshoot. This paper performs to reduce the oscillation, max. Overshoot, settling time and improves stability of system.

Peri-urban cultivated areas of many cities in Pakistan are being irrigated from municipal and industrial wastewater since long. Similarly wastewater of Nullah Lai is also being used for irrigation in Rawalpindi. Wastewater and soil samples were collected from six locations of Rawalpindi districts for investigating fungal diversity. Eight fungal species were found in these soils. The most common fungal strains were Aspergillus sp., Acremonium sp., and Chaetomium sp. To isolate the fungi in different soil samples, sterilization technique, serial dilution and spread plate technique were used. Presence of fungi was detected in the different soil samples on the bases of morphological characteristics, percentage frequency, growth rate and colony forming units. The results obtained showed that most widely distributed fungi in soil samples were Aspergillus sp. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus grew well in contaminated soil containing heavy metals. This ability of Aspergillus makes it attractive potential candidate for further investigation regarding its ability to remove metals from contaminated soil. The usage of untreated wastewater in agricultural land put harmful effects on soil physical, chemical properties and biodiversity. To recognize health risk due to wastewater usage for irrigation, treat the wastewater to the recommended level.

The objective of this study is to explore the groundwater availability in the Gadilam River basin mainly for agriculture. Remote sensing data and geographic information system were used to locate Prospective zones of groundwater in the Gadilam River basin. Various maps (i.e., Base, Hydrogeomorphology, Lithology, Drainage, Drainage density, Lineament, Lineament density, Slope and Land Use/Land Cover) were prepared using the Remote sensing data along with the existing maps. The groundwater availability of the Gadilam River basin is quantitatively classified into different classes based on its Hydrogeomorphological conditions. The land use/land cover map was prepared using IRC-1C LISS III, PAN satellite data and other collateral information. Using a digital classification technique with the limited ground truth verification for irrigated area in the Gadilam river basin. The alluvial plain, filled valley, flood plain and deeply buried pediplain were successfully delineated. It demarcates highly prospective Zones of groundwater accumulation in the study area. The overall results demonstrate that the use of remote sensing and GIS techniques provide powerful tools for groundwater development and the design of a suitable exploration plan of the study area. Keywords: Groundwater prospective zones map, Remote Sensing and GIS, Gadilam river basin, satellite data, thematic mapping ArcGIS.

The basic purpose of this study is to investigate how English language cohesive devices are exploited in a news text. The analysis has been carried out on news article “The Pleasure of Reading” by Zubeda Mustafa published in one of the famous newspaper- Dawn news. Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework was applied for the cohesion analysis. Halliday and Hasan (1976) provided the concepts of referencing, ellipsis, conjunction, substitution and lexical cohesion which have been analyzed in the present study. The study establishes the fact that all the above mentioned cohesive elements are exploited in the text which have ultimately contributed to clarify the overall meanings of the text by binding it in a more organized way. It has been observed that news writers do introduce cohesion in order to give a sense of connection and order in the text. In fact, these cohesive devices provide a sense of connectivity and unity in the text.

Mobile ad-hoc networks operate in the absence of any supporting infrastructure. The absence of any fixed infrastructure in mobile ad-hoc networks makes it difficult to utilize the existing techniques for network services, and poses number of various challenges in the area. The discovery and maintenance of secure route is the most flinty challenge. In this thesis, we first deliberate and implement one secure routing protocol SAODV and study its performance under different scenarios. Then we carry out a number of experiments using NS-3 to compare the performance of AODV, SAODV in terms of security level and routing discovery time under different setups. From these experiments, we can see that performance of AODV and SAODV and Aridane.

Peroxodisulfate was simply supported on a weakly basic ion exchange resin by elution of a column containing the resin with an aqueous potassium peroxodisulfate solution. Resin supported peroxodisulfate was used for mild and selective ?-iodination of 1,3-dicarbonyl and ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of molecular iodine in acetonitrile at room temperature. Also direct and efficient iodination of activated aromatic compounds was performed in acetonitrile under reflux conditions.

Code layout is an important factor that determines the performance of any application. For branching intensive loops where decisions have to be made among several branching paths (as in real time systems), an optimized layout of the conditional statements can increase the performance largely. Current methods can predict branches dynamically using speculative execution which can be resource intensive. Static branch prediction techniques are not as accurate. In this work a compiler based optimization for branching instructions by code reordering has been proposed. The proposed design consists of a code reordering component that along with the compiler can dynamically generate layout-optimized code, by reordering the conditions in the source program. The reordering is done base on dynamic run-time execution patterns. Based on the current execution pattern and the history, the most optimal program can be run, minimizing evaluation of conditions.