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Acute poisoning by Organophosphorus compounds is one of the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Accidental and intentional pesticides poisoning occurs worldwide with a significant mortality. Recent studies have shown an increase in numbers with three hundred thousand deaths occurring in Asia alone. The most common pesticide in India are due to anti-cholinesterase’s which includes organophosphates and carbamate, followed by aluminum phosphide.The effective number of cases of pesticide poisoning occurring in India is very high, and the calculated number of intentional cases as reported by NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is again very high. A retrospective analysis covering last 15 years showed the most common agents causing acute poisoning was anti-cholinesterase’s followed by aluminum phosphide.The with a mean age of 27.8 years(range 13 to 82 years) Organophosphates share structural similarity with acetylcholine and bind covalently with cholinesterase molecule. This results in accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses causing over stimulation at post-synaptic receptors in central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of acute OPC poisoning are secondary to stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic system, sympathetic ganglia; neuromuscular junctions.Disrruption of transmission will also occur at the acetylcholine receptor sites within the central nervous system. The muscarinic receptors,M1 and M2 have different regional distribution in brain. The M1 receptors are the main type found in the human cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus,while the M2 type dominates in the thalamus, brain stem,pons,and the cerebellum. Different subtypes of nicotinic receptors have been described in human brain using ligands with different affinities. Diagnosis of OPC poisoning is based on history of exposure to known OP compounds, characteristic clinical features. Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase activity is useful for confirmation of poisoning. But the degree of decrease in cholinesterase levels does not show linear relationship with severity of clinical features and prognosis. Detection of the offending agent in gastric lavage sample is one of the methods to determine the involved agent. OPC poisoning has several toxicological effects on the body, namely on respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system & endocrinal system.

The influence of polypropylene fibers has been studied to improve the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with Waste of Thermostone blocks used to produce lightweight coarse aggregate. The volume fractions of the polypropylene fibers (P.P.F.) used are: 0.0% for reference light weight concrete, and 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 0.1%, and 1.25% total volume of concrete for other mixes. The density, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, Flexural strength, and water absorption were measured. The results shows, generally, the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete increased with rising the percentages of polypropylene fibers. With P.P. fibers proportioning 1.0% at 28 days caused 13.93% increase in compressive strength and 43.65% increase in the splitting tensile strength and 41.69%increase in the flexural strength, therefore, it is used as the optimum proportion of the polypropylene fibers. The flowability of lightweight concrete reduced by addition polypropylene fibers, therefore Super plasticizer was used to improve the workability of fresh light weight concrete. The equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete method was used to determine the density of Lightweight P.P.F. and was 1789Kg/m3. Also, the results showed that there are increases in the water absorption for mixes with P.P.F.as compared with reference mix..

Multicast routing optimization problem is addressed by considering parameters like cost, battery power, delay and bandwidth. The objectives proposed in this work are minimizing the cost and maximizing the battery power subject to the constraints delay and bandwidth. To find the optimal route with the above objectives, binary coded genetic algorithm (GA) technique has been chosen. In this work, an avoidance strategy is included to avoid the illegal chromosome creation during genetic operation. The simulations are done with the test system which consists of standard graphs with different size. Performances of the given networks are compared with existing approach in terms of fitness values, probabilities of genetic operators, network life and generation of convergence.

Research in common parlance refers to a search of knowledge. It is also defined as a scientific and systematic exploration for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is a movement from the known to the unknown and a voyage of discovery. It comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Research is thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered.

The paper investigated the effect of radiation and chemical reaction on unsteady MHD mixed convection flow past an infinite vertical plate with Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation has been is discussed. Approximate solutions have been derived for the velocity, temperature field, concentration profiles, skin friction and Nusselt number using multi-parameter perturbation technique. The obtained results are discussed with the help of the graphs to observe the effect of various parameters like Schmidt number (Sc), Prandtl number (Pr), Magnetic parameter (M), radiation parameter (F) and porosity parameter (K).

Nationalism, nation-building and modernization were the main themes of the totalitarian and secular regimes of Ataturk and Reza Shah which replaced the traditional Qajar state of Iran and the prolonged Ottoman Empire. This paper exploring the social and political grounds upon which nationalism developed in two countries of Iran and Turkey between 1920 CE and 1950 CE seeks to identify the influential factors shaping the nationalist ideas in these countries. In this regard, not only the role of Iranian and Turkish governments’ efforts to strengthen and consolidate the national identity would be taken into close consideration, but also the role of official cooperation between the two sides would be precisely investigated. Then the national architecture movements in both countries as the obvious results of governmental nationalist policies would be recognized. As the next step, the attention would be paid to these national architecture movements and some of their related projects. Finally, to discuss how governmental policies influenced the rise of national architectural movements, a comparative analysis would be applied. 

Image Inpainting and denoising refers to the ill-posed problem of filling in the missing data in digital images by interpolating from the vicinity. In this paper, we present a new approach for image restoration. The denoising is performed by the smoothing equation working inside and outside of the inpainting domain but in completely different ways. Inside the inpainting domain, the smoothing is carried out by the Mean Curvature Flow, while outside the inpainting domain is carried out in a way as to encourage smoothing within a region and discourage smoothing across boundaries. The approach here presented permits the transportation of available information from the outside towards the inside of the inpainting domain. To illustrate the effective performance of our model, we present some experimental results on a Matlab and solved the diffusion equations.

The study measures dairy research in in top three milk producing countries (i.e. India, USA and China) and identify leading players in dairy research during 2001-2010, based on number of parameters, including publication, citation, impact, p-index, h-index and global publication share. The 20 most productive countries were selected and evaluated. The status of research output and milk production in G-7 countries and developing countries were examined. The data on publication citation and h-index were drawn from two databases i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. USA is giving maximum output in quantity and quality of publications, Other major players are UK, France, Germany, Netherland, Canada, Switzerland and Australia. Production of milk is highest in India and it has 10th rank in GDP but lagged behind in dairy research. The developing countries like India, China, Pakistan, Brazil, Poland, Mexico, Argentina and Romania are producing significant amount of milk but share in the research output is very less.

Gold nanoparticles have been synthesized and they have been made to self assemble on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane. An aqueous solution of gold chloride was added to tetraoctyl ammonium bromide dissolved in toluene. The mixture was stirred well. Then an aqueous solution of sodiumborohydride was added and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature. The organic phase was washed with water in a separating funnel. The solvent was removed by evaporating the solution in vacuum to get a black solid. The black solid was suspended in ethanol and kept under refrigeration overnight. The residue was filtered and washed thoroughly with ethanol. The residue was dried. The gold nanoparticles produced were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). A clean indium titanium oxide electrode was prepared. It was immersed in an aqueous solution containing potassium ferro cyanide and sodium chloride solution in a three electrode cell assembly. Saturated calomel electrode was used as reference electrode. A platinum foil was used as counter electrode. Cyclic voltammogram was recorded in the potential range of -0.1v to 0.5v at a sweep rate of 50mV/s. The experiment was repeated with the ITO electrode coated with 3-mercaptopropytrimethoxysilane. It was seen from the cyclic voltammogram that the redox peaks were absent and there was decrease in the current. This suggests the formation of MPTMS monolayer which acts as a barrier. Since the redox probe has to diffuse through the monolayer, the redox current decreased compared to the bare ITO. When ITO electrode modified with MPTMS was immersed in gold nanoparticles self assembled on the monolayer of MPTMS. The gold nanoparticles were attached to the –SH groups of MPMS. When CV was run with this electrode, there was increase in redox current suggesting that the GNPs have assembled on ITO electrode modified with MPTMS. These electrodes may find application in Biosensors.

A novel series of 6-Chloro-3-(2-morpholino methyl amino)-6-substituted phenyl pyrimidine-4-yl-2H-chromone-2-one (CT₁M–CT₅M), 3-(2-((piperidine-1-yl)methylamino)-6-substituted phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)- 6-Chloro- 2H- chromone -2- one (CT₁P–CT₅P) have been synthesized from 3-(2-amino-6-pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (CT₁-CT₅) which were synthesized from 3-acetyl-6-Chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (3). The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by I. R., ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity at a 25, 50, 100 and 200 mcg concentrations. Among them, compounds CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, CT₃P and CT₅P exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus comparable with standard drug Ampicillin trihydrate. Compounds CT₁M, CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, and CT₅P exhibited significant antifungal activity against P.chrysogenum and A.niger comparable with standard drug Fluconazole using cup-plate method. Compounds have been further evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition and percent inhibition.