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Hydraulic jump type energy dissipaters are widely accepted methods of energy dissipation while designing the hydraulic structures like dams, weirs and barrages. They are popular for their simplicity and efficiency, but have certain limitations when there is variation in discharge conditions. The energy dissipaters satisfactorily function at design discharge condition. But in case of varying discharge conditions they are not efficient as the location of hydraulic jump tends to shift on apron. This would result in percentage reduction in energy dissipation and in turn damage hydraulic structures and adversely affect tail channel conditions. Therefore it is necessary to address the issue of controlling the location of hydraulic jump and evolve a new technique for the same. This paper discusses the design of hydraulic jump type stilling basin for the overflow weir of canal escape at Warana dam (India). It also throws light on the aspect of jump location and percentage energy dissipation. A physical model study is carried out by applying Froude’s model law.

This research is carried out to study the used of SPC tools towards identifying the variation in quality finished product at Bio-organic fertilizer company. The objectives of this research are to analyze and monitor quality of finished product using Xbar R chart and identify the relationship between variables using scatter diagram. Data was obtained from Quality Department through finished product of 5.5.5PE from January 2008 until December 2008. This finished product can be measure according to pH, moisture, and crash. SPSS version 11.5 software has been used to analyze and interpret the data into control chart and scatter diagram. The unstructured interview with respective workers was done in order to support the data analysis. The finding revealed that the SPC tools can determine process variation in finished product through systematical analysis with more accurately. Since All Cosmos has no specific tool to analyze the data, it is suitable for them to implement this tool.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st March 2019, Dr. Alireza Valipour Baboli has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Mathematics. The appointment of Dr. Alireza Valipour Baboli as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st February 2011, Dr. Ali Keshavarzi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Network. Dr. Ali Keshavarzi is currently working Department of Soil Science Engineering, University of Tehran-Iran, P.O.Box: 4111, Karaj 3158777871. The appointment of Dr. Ali Keshavarzi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links with Iran and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 17th November 2018, Dr.Erastus Muchimuti Wekesa has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Educational Management. The appointment of Dr.Erastus Muchimuti Wekesa as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 28th September 2018, Dr.R.Uthrakumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Crystal Growth and Nanomaterials. Dr.R.Uthrakumar is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamilnadu, India. The appointment of Dr.R.Uthrakumar as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

The Discrete Tchebichef Transform (DTT) based on orthogonal Tchebichef polynomials can be an alternative to Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for JPEG image compression standard. The properties of DTT are not only very similar to DCT; it has also higher energy compactness and lower computational advantage using a set of recurrence relation. In this, DTT is coupled with Set partitioning in hierarchical coding techniques (SPIHT).It has been demonstrated that, DTT requires lesser number of bits to encode the coefficients than DCT for a given compression ratio. We present SPIHT which provides better performance than EZW .Later median filter is added in order to increase the PSNR and improve the quality the taken input image.

Solar energy applications have become one of the most promising alternatives to electricity production. Solar cells are also being used to equip many isolated consumers in areas far from the central grid around the world. In this experimental work, the effect of solar radiation on solar cell output such as voltage, current, and efficiency of a solar panels was investigated in the conditions of the city of Baghdad, Iraq climates. The data has been recorded using calibration devices. An analysis of the relationship between the intensity of solar radiation and the cell output was performed for voltage and efficiency. The results of the study show that the relationship between the intensity of solar radiation and cell output is a direct and very important relationship if not the most important among all the atmospheric variables. That increasing the intensity of solar radiation caused an increase in current output which means greater cell efficiency.

Onions are highly nutritious vegetables widely cultivated by small scale farmers worldwide and form the basis of everyday meals. The study consisted of two sets, each with 10 replicates. One set was irrigated with wastewater and the other with tap water for 8 weeks. Onion samples were randomly selected from each pot and analysed for heavy metal (Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni) concentrations using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results obtained showed that heavy metal concentrations in bulbs and leaves of onions irrigated with wastewater exceeded the safe limits (p< 0.05) whilst heavy metal concentrations in bulbs and leaves of onions irrigated with tap water were lower and within the safe limits (p> 0.05). The study also showed that type of irrigation water (wastewater or tap water) had an effect on heavy metal concentration in bulbs and leaves (p= 0.001) whilst plant tissue type (bulb or leaf) had no significant effect on the concentration of heavy metals in onions. This study highlights the potential risks involved in the cultivation and consumption of vegetables using wastewater for irrigation, a practice which may place at risk the health of the urban population who consume these vegetables.

Efficacies of the chloroform and aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem and root of three indigenous plants viz. Calotropis procera, Polygonum hydropiper and Thevetia neriifolia against the larval mortality and reproductive potential of two urban mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti L. are reported here. Results show that the chloroform extracts of C. procera leaf (LC50 = 167.48 ppm), P. hydropiper stem (LC50 = 341.79 ppm) and T. neriifolia leaf (LC50 = 209.45 ppm) had excellent larvicidal effect on Cx. quinquefasciatus. The aqueous extracts of C. procera stem (LC50 = 207.18 ppm), P. hydropiper stem (LC50 = 634.92 ppm) and T. neriifolia leaf (LC50 = 453.34 ppm), however, had relatively milder larvicidal effect on the mosquitoes under study. Both the extracts significantly reduced percentage of egg-hatch and adult emergence per raft, lengthened immature duration and increased immature mortality in all the treatment groups. The chloroform extracts had a significantly negative effect on the number of eggs per raft, but both chloroform and aqueous extracts failed to induce any appreciable effect on the female ratio. Compared to the aqueous extracts, chloroform extracts are much more efficient against Cx. quinquefasciatus productivity. Results on Ae. aegypti indicated that the leaf extracts of C. procera (LC50 =696.14 ppm), the stem extract of P. hydropiper (LC50 =1164.36 ppm), and the leaf extract of T. neriifolia (LC50 =872.91 ppm) had significant larvicidal effects compared to the respective controls. In general, the extracts significantly reduced egg-laying, decreased egg-hatch, lengthened immature duration, and increased immature mortality culminating in reduced adult emergence. A comparison of the larvicidal efficacy of the extracts against the two mosquito species reveals that Cx. quinquefasciatus is more sensitive to the plant extracts than Ae. aegypti. However, further research is solicited to evaluate the impact, persistence and effectiveness of these extracts against the vector mosquitoes under indoor and field conditions.