Archives-  

Noise is defined as any unintended signal that interferes with circuit operation. Although this includes spurious signals of human origin or the external environment, this investigation is limited to noise that result from microscopic fluctuations within the semi-conductor components of the circuit. While noise is typically seen as an analog circuits problem, it is believed that noise will become of greater concern in digital circuits as devices shrink, power supply voltages are reduced, and the number of carriers conducted by these devices is reduced. Noise under large-signal conditions is an important consideration in the design of wireless communications circuits. It has an effect on the spectral purity of oscillators and the noise figure of mixers and power amplifiers. The ability to simulate the noise of LC Voltage- Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) makes it possible to predict their performance in these types of circuits. It is then possible to have a better picture of the worst-case performance of these circuits so that overdesign or costly redesigns are not necessary. This paper presents the development and simulation techniques and mathematically accurate models at the component level resulting in optimization of low frequency loading, feedback circuit and emitter degeneration which can help minimize the phase noise in FET oscillators subject to design constraints such as power dissipation, tank amplitude, tuning range, start-up condition, and diameter of spiral inductors.VCO output frequency is tuned by on-chip p /n-well junction varactors. The circuit topology minimizes the amount of fixed parasitic capacitance in the tank circuit. The simulation results show that the proposed VCO can reach the frequency wished to the telecommunication application. Parameters from an industrial0.35 ?m CMOS process are used for simulations. The nominal operating frequency of these oscillators is 2.4 GHz. They are designed to be resistant to supply and temperature effects. This oscillator achieves the necessary temperature and supply independence while being tunable about 2.4 GHz. Using only 2.5V of power supply and 1V of tuned voltage, the circuit shows a simulated single-output sensitivity of 565ppm/°C at 27C temperature and -0.47%/Volt at 2V.

A new series of Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes with the Flavone ligand were studied on the growth of Hep-2 (Human hepatocellular ademocarcinoma ),which is the human larynx cancer cell Line by using in vitro system and compared with anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-pt) as appositive control. The cancer cells were treated with different concentration and cis-pt after 72 hr. exposure time. The cytotoxic activity was tested by inhibition rate as parameter. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) for each three treatments when the inhibition rates were increased. The synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by cup plate diffusion method. The results indicate the enhanced activity of metal complexes over the parent ligands.

This paper describes a hybrid design for intrusion detection that combines anomaly detection with misuse detection. The proposed method includes an ensemble feature selecting classifier and a data mining Classifier. The former consists of four classifiers using different sets of features and each of them employs a machine learning algorithm named fuzzy belief k-NN classification algorithm. The latter applies data mining technique to automatically extract computer users’ normal behavior from training network traffic data. The outputs of ensemble feature selecting classifier and data mining classifier are then fused together to get the final decision. The experimental results indicate that hybrid approach effectively generates a more accurate intrusion detection model on detecting both normal usages and malicious activities.

Suitable climate, can improve motivation and morale, and participation in decision-making, and increase creativity and innovation in their work and as a resource in providing mental health staff into account. These studies, the aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational climate, and burnout in nurses Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah done. This descriptive - cross sectional study, conducted in 2010. Research community, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah nurses were the census, were studied. Collect data, standardized questionnaire Halpin and Craft climate, that the climate of the six dimensions of group spirit, harassed, interest, intimacy consider Gary, spacing, and influence the dynamics are examined, and a standard questionnaire was Meselch burnout. Data collected by the researcher in the present study, the relationship between variables using Spearman's correlation coefficient and chi-square test was evaluated. The findings showed that, 84/3 % of subjects with moderate burnout, and 13/1 percent had severe burnout, and only 2/6 percent had no burnout. On the other hand, organizational climate survey showed that, in terms of team spirit, to 41/6 percent, favorable climate, and only 4/6 percent unfavorable climate, as mentioned. Also, the perturbed 46/2 per cent, of Interest 17/3 percent, in terms of intimacy, see Gray, spacing, influence and dynamics, respectively, with 6/2 percent, 3/7 percent, 2 percent, and 40 percent unfavorable situation was assessed. Meanwhile, the morale of the team, and influence the dynamics of burnout, a significant relationship was observed (0/05> p). However, other climate variables, there was no significant association with burnout. Considering the widespread burnout at different levels among nurses in the study, adverse climate conditions, and also confirmed the relationship between organizational climate and job burnout of nurses in the study suggested, in line with the implementation of measures climate modification, and taking advantage of the favorable climate conditions as an opportunity to reduce burnout and improve the utilization efficiency of the nurses.

In order to increase the reliability and efficiency of distributed micro-generation a modular grid-connected inverter system is proposed. It consists of a modular DC-DC converter and modular DC-AC converter. Output of the DC-DC converter and input of the DC-AC inverter is connected with a DC bus .The By using the DC-DC converter voltage can be stepped up and Maximum power point tracking can be achieved In this system no transformer is used in the inverter side to inject the voltage into the grid. Here the Voltage is injected in the grid using inductor filter. The practicability of the proposed system has been verified by simulation results.

Cloud computing security challenges for secure outsourcing of data and computations are increasing. Many hardware or fully Homomorphic Encryption solutions exists for Cloud computing security. The hardware based solution is not able to scale and fully Homomorphic Encryption is yet not practically used due to its low efficiency. Client should have trust service provider for confidentiality and integrity of their data and computation. In this paper, we describe architecture for secure outsourcing data and computation by providing confidentiality and integrity. In this architecture, Private Cloud which performs encryption and decryption of data and computations using Garbled Circuit for DNA matching using Levenshtein distance. Public Cloud does processing of operations. Comparison of our architecture with others techniques can be carried for proving its efficiency for secure outsourcing of data and computation. Efficient design can be used for different application where large mathematical computation is applied.

Chalcogenide based semiconductors have attracted much attention recently due to their applications in solid state devices (SSD). Chalcogenide phase change memory is considered as a potential replacement of flash memory due to its high storage density and archival stability. Phase change non-volatile semiconductor memory technology is based on an electrically initiated, reversible rapid amorphous-to-crystalline phase change process in multicomponent chalcogenide alloy materials similar to those used in rewritable optical disks. In order to view the suitability of a material for PRAM applications, it is necessary to investigate the crystallization behaviour of the material concerned. In the present work, a systematic investigation of crystallization kinetics of In40Se60 alloy has been made. Thin films of In40Se60 alloy were prepared by thermal evaporation using Edward Auto 306 evaporation system. Electrical measurements at room temperature and upon annealing at different heating rates were done by four point probe method using Keithley 2400 source meter interfaced with computer using LabView software. The dependence of sheet resistance on temperature showed a sudden drop in resistance at a specific temperature corresponding to the transition temperature at which the alloy change from amorphous to crystalline. The transition temperature was also found to increase with the heating rates. From the heating rate dependence of peak crystallization temperature (Tp) the activation energy for crystallization was determined using the Kissinger analysis. The films were found to have an electrical contrast of about six orders of magnitude between the as-deposited and the annealed states, a good quality for PRAM applications. The activation energy was determined to be 0.538±0.063eV.

In year 2012 the dramatic issue of diplomatic asylum has brought it opposed to the sovereignty. First, grant of asylum to the blind Chinese civil rights activist Chen Guangcheng by United States in April 2012 in the United States embassy in Beijing. Thereafter Chen Guangcheng and his family were issued US visa and then they flown to the United States, albeit under protest from the Chinese government. Secondly, in June 2012 Wikileaks founder Julian Assange was granted asylum by the Ecuador in its embassy in London albeit under protest from the UK government. Assange was to extradite by the UK Government to Sweden where he was facing charges of sexual assault. The UK Government warned the Ecuador to decline this diplomatic asylum otherwise they will terminate the status of Ecuador’s embassy in London. These two incidents have necessitated to regulate the grounds, conditions and extend to grant the diplomatic asylum so that it may not run counter to the sovereignty as well as it may not be misused as shelter of fugitives and criminals or oust them from the reach of judicial system. Further, till date there is no international law on the diplomatic asylum to adequately deal with these situations. It has insisted the author to do analytical research deploying doctrinal research methodology applying null hypothesis that there is no such international law which may provide solution on diplomatic asylum particularly when it run counter to the sovereignty. In section 1 diplomatic asylum has been defined, section 2 traces the growth and recognition of diplomatic asylum, section 3 puts light on the legal basis of asylum, section 4 deals the concurrent international law on diplomatic asylum, section 5 is the grey area of diplomatic asylum and section 6 is the summation.

We are very happy to announce that from 30th January 2016, Dr. Chandrakant Muktaram Bharambe has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Zoology. Dr. Chandrakant Muktaram Bharambe working as Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Vidnyan Mahavidyalaya, Malkapur, Dist-Buldana, Maharashtra, India . The appointment of Dr. Chandrakant Muktaram Bharambe as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

We are very happy to announce that from 14th August 2015, Dr. Sriram Chandramohan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health Problems. Dr. Sriram Chandramohan currently working as Lecturer in Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Under Ministry of Higher Education, Government of Saudi Arabia. The appointment of Dr. Sriram Chandramohan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.