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Iranian garden is the original output of Iranian life and mental interaction in their natural environment. Zand dynasty, commenced in Iran after overthrowing of Safavid and Afsharieh, is a short period from 1750 to 1794. Yet, not so much studies have been done in Zand architecture and urban planning. In this article, the gardens of Zand dynasty in Shiraz will be functionally, geometrically and structurally analyzed, and in this way the typology of gardens during this period is presented. General speaking, Zandiyeh gardens can be divided into two classes of "state gardens" (e.g., Jahan-Nama, Nazar, Divankhane Gardens) and "graveyard gardens" (e.g., Chehel-Tanan and Haft-Tanan Gardens). Not that Zandiyeh gardens are of ample variety and complexity from viewpoint of form or shape. Pergolas are oblongs of extended length to the northern side of the land or possibly as octagons. The building materials are mostly plain bricks with tiling ornamentations in a minimal. As compared with the Safavid dynasty gardens, the Zandiyeh's are generally of smaller size not to mention their being of more humanitarian scales collated with the Safavid's. The aim in building those gardens had not been amusement of the ruling clause but, rather, focusing on national-urban-state needs.

Vehicle Theftshas been rapidly increasing in the present automobile industry, designing an intelligent security system for vehicles can be done by using a microcontroller. The developed security system makes use of ARM microcontroller, touch screen, a GSM module, and MEMS that is embedded in the vehicle by interfacing it to Engine Control Module (ECM).In the present day vehicles, remote keyless entry system and immobilizer system are used for prevention of vehicle theft. The proposed project aims to design a theft prevention and thief identification system by adding another level of security enhancements and improvising the existing system to overcome drawbacks. As automobiles become more sophisticated, security system for vehicles must be stronger. Thelist of features implemented in this project are, smart gravitational lock, touch screen ignition, thief identification by camera etc., The features are implemented by using triple axis MEMS Accelerometer, Touch screen, GPS Receiver, GSM cellular modem, VGA spy camera. The goal behind this design is to prevent vehicles thefts rather than finding the theft vehicle and a spysystem to identify the thief for future assistance.

In the present communication doping of Polypyrrole (Ppy) has been done with a multiligand urea complex of cobalt(II) via in situ oxidative polymerization using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The dopant has been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The composite based on the synthesized dopant has been subjected to FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques.Surface morphology of Ppy and its composite with metal complex is investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM).Thermal analysis has been done by using TG and DSC technique. The dopant has developed the crystallinityin amorphous Ppy and has increased its thermal stability. XRD results show crystalline nature of composite.Parameters like crystallite size, interplanar distance, micro strain and dislocation density have been calculated by using Bragg’s and other related equations. Moreover lattice parameters a, b, c, ?, ? and ? have also been calculated for the dopant as well as the composite using powder X softwareThermogravimetric analysis reveals that the thermal stability of composite is better to that of pure polypyrrole. 

In this chapter, we introduce (1,2)*-fg-closed maps, (1,2)*-fg-open maps, (1,2)*-fg*-closed maps and (1,2)*-fg*-open maps in Fuzzy bitopological spaces and obtain certain characterizations of these classes of maps. In last section, we introduce (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms and prove that the set of all (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms forms a group under the operation composition of functions.

Grid computing is a high performance computing environment to solve larger scale computational demands. Grid computing contains resource management, task scheduling, security problems, information management and so on. Task scheduling is a fundamental issue in achieving high performance in grid computing systems. A computational GRID is typically heterogeneous in the sense that it combines clusters of varying sizes, and different clusters typically contains processing elements with different level of performance. The scheduling problem is computationally hard even when there are no dependencies among jobs. Thus, the new local search (LS) and particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm seems to be efficient for the problem of batch job scheduling on computational grids. We consider the grid scheduling as a bi-objective optimization problem consisting of the minimization of the makespan and flowtime. The bi-objectivity is tackled through a hierarchic approach in which makespan is considered a primary objective and flowtime a secondary one. In this, a heuristic approach based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted for solving task scheduling problem in grid environment. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of the latest evolutionary optimization techniques by nature. It has the better ability of global searching and has been successfully applied to many areas such as, neural network training etc. Due to the linear decreasing of inertia weight in PSO the convergence rate becomes faster, which leads to the minimal makespan time when used for scheduling. To make the convergence rate faster, the PSO algorithm is improved by modifying the inertia parameter, such that it produces better performance and gives an optimized result. The computational results show that our PSO & TS implementation clearly outperforms the compared algorithms. This work proposes optimization technique called Tabu search that is combined with the ant colony optimization and PSO technique to solve the grid scheduling problems.

Image morphing is a very important tool in film and animation industry. There is a potential need to do the research in the field of image morphing. There are lots of applications based on morphing in the area of image processing and image data security. There has been a significant improvement in the research related to image morphing in the past few years. In this paper, state of the art methods from 1980, s of morphing is discussed. In various sections of the paper methods related to transformation of pixels, interpolation and other methods of image morphing are discussed. A sincere attempt is made to address the comparison of these methods depending upon various parameters and techniques. This will help the researcher to compare and identify the method for further research. It is also highlighted the possible direction of research till date. Moreover the paper also contains a comprehensive bibliography of many selected papers appeared in reputed journals and conference proceedings as an aid for the researchers working in the field of image morphing. It includes old research papers to new research papers till date.

The karyotype is analyzed to detect the genetic abnormalities. It is generated by arranging the chromosomes after extracting them from the metaphase images. The chromosomes are non-rigid bodies that contain the genetic information of an individual. The metaphase spread contains the chromosomes but these chromosomes are not distinct bodies, they can either be individual chromosomes or they may be touching one another, they may be bent or even may be overlapping and thus forming a cluster of chromosomes. The extraction of these touching and overlapping chromosomes is a very tedious process. The segmentation of these may not give us correct and accurate results. Therefore before taking up a metaphase image for analysis it must be analyzed for the orientation of the chromosomes it contains. The various reported methods for metaphase image selection for automatic karyotype generation are compared in this paper, the images of metaphase spread are having hypo or hyper fluorescent regions and there is variability of contrast between the background and the chromosomes. After analysis it has been concluded that each metaphase image selection method has its advantages and disadvantages. The MetaSel software outperforms all the methods and is having the overall best performance.

Looking at markets at global level, every country has its own norms, traditions, and habits. If we look at market at nation level, every market is different from other market in that it has its own norms, traditions and habits which influence individuals’ purchase behavior in a given market. If selling company fails to undertake a thorough investigation into how buyers think about their target market and how buying behavior should be and how to use company’s products, they will encounter astonishing situation in which they have to pay huge costs. The present applied research concerns Management and Economy students of Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch). The sampling method of the study is a stratified random method. For variable measurements, a questionnaire was used; the reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha, the amount of which was obtained 93 percent, indicating an acceptable reliability. For field operation part, a number of 246 questionnaires were completed. Non-parametric methods were also used for data analysis, and then the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured and confirmed. In this regard, the value of Cronbach’s alpha was obtained 93 percent, which indicates an acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. For inferential and testing hypothesis part, we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman, structural equation modelling and Friedman. The results of hypothesis test led to the rejection of a number of hypotheses and significance of the relationship between variables. In the end, using structural equation modelling, researcher’s proposed model was fitted.

Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include sordid subject matter, frankness about sexuality along with a pervasive pessimism. Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, violence, prejudice, disease, corruption, prostitution, and filth. This study focused on the Sadegh Choobak's Short Story A Man in the Cage from the viewpoint of literary naturalism. In this regard, the story's naturalistic features represented and discussed.

Team-based learning (TBL) is an effective way of incorporating interactive small group peer teaching and enthusiasm for learning. The objective of this study is to evaluated student perceptions of team based learning by using a survey that elicited perceptions of different modes of learning between UK and Pakistani students. Overall 733 students were selected on the basis of quota sampling between two countries. Student preferences of teamwork were measured with 15 items scale. These were self administered questionnaire asking for responses on a five point Likert scale. Structural equation model (SEM) was applied on the obtained data set to find the difference between the preferences of English and Pakistani students regarding teamwork. Both groups had a common definition of teams and agreed on the value of teams with regard to satisfaction and productivity. The result shows that there exists difference in student preferences of teamwork. Students of both the cultures show positive response that teams are effective way to learn the management courses and increase their productivity and working in a team improve their ability to learn new things. However, Pakistani students showed more preference for teamwork as compared to UK students. Their attitudes diverged, however, with regard to the presence of slackers on the team. Possible reasons for the similarities and divergence are discussed.