Archives-June 2013

Banking sector contributes 95% of the total financial sector in Pakistan economy and financial sector has a large share in overall growth of the country. For banking sector performance growth, State Bank of Pakistan has taken many significant steps. Banks involved in providing the financial needs of government and private businesses and neglecting the needs of small and medium enterprises, agriculture sector and consumer sector. Massive financial reforms as privatization, interest rate liberalization and banks restructuring and alike were introduced by Government of Pakistan in order to improve the performance of banking sector. The current study is designed to cater the need of financial reforms in banking sector, entailing the major financial reforms in banking sector by the Government of Pakistan and excogitate their impact on performance of banking sector in Pakistan. The outcome of the meta-analysis suggests that in this dynamic world of financial liberalization and global market integration the regulatory body must be vigilant and agile to cater the needs of every sector and introduce transformations on regular basis in order to create sound, healthy and competitive economy.

It is very hard job to understand the customer’s psychology and very challenging to measure the satisfaction level of the consumers. This study in reference to the customer satisfaction regarding Interest free banking system in Pakistan will give an insight into the various factors of customer satisfaction such as quality products and services, customer relationship and economic benefits to clients. Though some deviation was found in satisfaction level of customers related to services and products offered by Interest free banks in Pakistan but insufficient knowledge about Interest free banking system is the major weakness at the end of customers. Purpose of this conceptual study is to review the different angels of customers’ satisfaction and depict the various features of Interest (Riba) free banking system to satisfy and retain the existing customers as well as develop future prospective marketing strategies including expansion of innovative and diversified products and services to establish new clientage market.

This paper presents exponential dual to ratio and dual to product-type estimators for estimating finite population mean using auxiliary information in double sampling. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators have been derived for two different cases up to the first order approximation. Comparisons have been made with other estimators viz. simple mean per unit estimator, usual ratio estimator Cochran and product estimator Murthy , dual to ratio estimator Kumar and Bahl and dual to product estimator Singh and Choudhury estimator, exponential ratio and product estimators Singh and Vishwakarma in double sampling. Empirical studies have also been carried out to show the merits of the proposed estimators over the existing estimators. It is concluded that the use of proposed estimators should be preferred in practice.

Simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric and HPLC methods were developed for the determination of cefquinome sulphate in bulk and dosage forms. The methods were based on the measuring of the first and second derivative at 286nm and 300nm respectively. Regression analysis of Beer's plot showed good correlation (r=0.9997) in a concentration range of 4-12?g/ml. The recovery percentage was 100.1± 0.575% (n=3), which reflected no interference by the suspension excipients. The results obtained by the developed methods for the suspension dosage form were statistically compared with those of a developed HPLC method and evaluated at 95% confidence limits.

The aim of this paper is to forecast the quantity of potential annual e-waste generation in Bangalore city for the period 2019-2020 based on obsolescence rate method. E-waste comprises of many items but the present study is limited to seven products Personal computer, Printer, Television, Mobile phone, Refrigerator, Air conditioner and Washing machine for quantification and composition of e-waste produced. The average weight of EEE and obsolescence rate of each product was taken as per E-Waste Volume I, Inventory Assessment Manual, and UNEP. The field data were collected through questionnaire-based survey followed up with interviews where the target respondent groups and e-waste categories were predetermined to determine the e-waste flow purchasing pattern, recycling and disposal practices, and to understand the existing measures for e-waste management in Bangalore. There are three main target respondents included in the survey. The three main categories are Households, Offices (business entities and institutions) and Recyclers (Including importers and exporters, manufacturers, collectors, second-hand shops, repair shops, dismantlers, and processors of recyclable materials from used WEEE). It can be observed that the total quantity e-waste generation in each year is increasing on logarithmic scale. However, the composition of e-waste in each year is varying according to the activities in household, office and recyclers sectors. The generation of E-waste among household sector depends on the lifestyle and socio- economic status. With the increase in income there is an increase in the generation rate, but the generation rate if we observe there is a decrease in e-waste quantity due to inflation rate in the products. In business sector, the projection shows that due to advancement in technology, obsolescence rate and increasing urbanization there will be inevitable trend among increase in generation of waste in the commercial sector.

The impacts of waste-stream from aluminium plant on the Inyishi River was investigated by analyzing the physical and chemical contents of the river using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and digital meters. The results shows that the pH of the river varies from 5.80 to 6.10 while the total dissolved solids (TDS) varies from 13.50 to 20.50mg/l. The electrical conductivity varies from 22.50 to 34.17µS/cm while total alkalinity range from 9.80 to 12.50mg/l. The concentrations of Ca2+ varies from 2.80 to 3.10mg/l while Mg2+ range from 2.60 to 2.86mg/l. Na+ concentrations varies from 5.85 to 7.10mg/l while K+ varies from 9.00 to 11.00mg/l. The concentrations of HCO3- varies from 20.50 to 21.90mg/l while that of SO42- range from 3.29 to 4.90mg/l. Al3+ concentrations varies from 0.22 to 0.29mg/l while total iron concentrations range from 0.50 to 0.64mg/l. F- concentrations varies from 0.30 to 0.80mg/l while that of BOD range from 3.60 to 5.40mg/l. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations varies from 6.50 to 7.10mg/l while the total coli form range from 50 to 80 cfu/100ml. The results also show that the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of the river varies from 0.58 to 0.74 while the Pollution Index (PI) varies from 0.68 to 0.72. Except for the pH, total coli form and Al3+ , the concentrations of other measured parameters conformed to World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 and Nigerian Water (2008) safe standards f0r drinking water. The acidic nature of the river, high concentrations of Al3+ and significant concentrations of total iron, F- and BOD are attributed to the waste-stream which is discharged into it from the Aluminium Extrusion plants in the study area. The impacts of the waste-stream on the river and its watershed include damage of coconut (cocos nucifera) trees and raffia palms (raphia ruffia) resulting in the decline of coconut, rope, local gin and palm wine production as well as decline in the cultivation of certain varieties of vegetables such as fluted pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis), water leaf (talonum tiangulare), garden eggs (salomum macrocarpum) and green (amarantus hybridias) near the river; it has also resulted in the decline in fishing activities and use of the water for drinking purposes. About 1,000 persons who live at a distance of 0.5km away from the river were observed to be at very high risk to the impacts of the waste-stream on the river. Pre-disposal treatment of the waste-stream and well programmed monitoring of the physical and bio-chemical characteristics of the Inyishi River is the best approach to maintain is resource status and usefulness.

This study will focus on discuss the role of discussion forums in developing and keep on communities of e-learning as well as fostering and strengthened students’ learning skills and knowledge along with the instructors .It conducted on an online course at the University of Baghdad. The course was delivered via Moodle to using discussion forums as a major communication tool. A survey assessing students’ attitudes as a core factor toward discussion forums was occurring. The outcomes presented a positive attitude toward discussion forums and their role in developing and enhancing students’ study skills and knowledge. This study proposes strategies for implementing successful discussion forums.

The State of the art of Double Skinned concrete filled steel tubular columns is presented in this paper. Experimental data has been collected and compiled in a comprehensive format listing Parameters involved in the study. Areas of further research are presented . Also, results of ongoing experimental and numerical investigations by various authors including us are presented in this paper.

In this paper, a class of -valent - uniformly starlike analytic functions associated with a convolution is introduced and certain properties of functions belonging to this class such as a necessary and sufficient coefficient inequality, growth and distortion properties, neighborhood properties are obtained. With the help of coefficient inequality, extreme points for functions belonging to this class are derived.

Corcyra cephalonica, the food grain pests were exposed to Castor leaf and fruit extracts for toxicity evaluation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs using percent and probit kill method(Finney-1971). The IIIrd instar larvae were exposed to the sub-lethal doses of 150, 300 and 450 mg of leaf and fruit extracts for 10 days and their total protein and carbohydrates were estimated. The Protein and Carbohydrates were found decreased followed by delayed metamorphosis and deformed adults emerged from the pupae.