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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality that is characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. Hepatic toxicity greatly contributes to VL morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate liver damage in Sudanese patients with VL as evidenced by apoptosis and lipid metabolism derangement. In a prospective analytical, hospital-based and case-controlled study and following informed consent, eighty patients with parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis and eighty apparently healthy age and sex unmatched volunteers [comparators] were enrolled in the study. Serum cytochrome C was measured by ELISA while serum lipids were measured using BioSystems A15 Chemistry Auto-analyzer. Cytochrome C concentrations in VL patients were significantly higher compared to apparently healthy volunteers with no significant difference between pre and post-treatment samples. Patients with VL showed marked hypo-cholestereamia, very low serum levels of LDL and HDL with most patients showing markedly increased triglycerides levels. Deranged lipid metabolism in VL patients could be due to hepatotoxicity or sequestration and/or degradation of lipoproteins in enlarged livers and spleens. In conclusion, hypocholestereamia, low levels of LDL/HDL, high triglycerides levels and increased serum cytochrome C are important features of hepatotoxicity in VL. Increased serum cytochrome C level is probably an important surrogate marker of hepatocytes apoptosis.

This paper develops and tests the relationship between economic diversification and growth in Euro-Mediterranean countries. The analysis covers the period 1975-2013 in a panel data of 35 Euro-Med countries, and introduces a bootstrapped Granger-causality approach in order to analyze the unidirectional causality, and likely the bidirectional causality between economic diversification and growth. Overall, results provide robust empirical evidence of a positive impact of growth on economic diversification in most of developing countries benefiting from diversifying their economies in contrast to developed countries that perform with more economic specialization.

The effect of radiation on efficiency, retention of activities and stability of the activity during different exposure duration of radiation were studied. In the present work the effectiveness of gamma rays on the glucose and cholesterol oxidases are studied. We find that the last three dose (20, 30 and 45) minute of gamma ray have potential to cause global changes in the reducing enzyme activity. While the cholesterol oxidase activity was reduced after exposure to radiation at 10, 20,30 and 45 min. To investigate the stability of Glucose oxidase and cholesterol oxidase to radiation , different exposure time were preform, and the results show the tolerance capability of glucose oxidase was more than cholesterol oxidase when exposure to radiation for 10 min, the results shown that the activity of glucose oxidase was 0.506 U/ml, while the activity of cholesterol oxidase was 0.472 U /ml.

Refrigeration is the applied science which deals with reducing the temperature of a confined space and its content to a predetermined level that is below the ambient temperature. The design of a cooling table is presented. The cooling table is an innovative application in refrigeration system design. The table is a multipurpose table for maintaining a low product temperature whilst still being able to carry out other activities on the table like a conventional table. The design covers thecompressor, condenser, evaporator, table frame, table top, cabinet volume and the covers. The prototype design requires a 70W compressor for three participants.

Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of one or more fat proteins in the blood i.e., too much cholesterol in the blood. It is one of the leading causes of various cardiovascular diseases resulting in 40% deaths annually in USA. The aim is to assess and improve the knowledge attitude & practice in hyperlipidaemia patients.  A prospective observational study was conducted in Karuna Medical College Hospital, Palakkad from November 2016 to April 2017. The questionnaire was basically divided in to three sections (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) with 15 questionnaires. Out of these 15 questionnaires 5 were related to knowledge, 5 were related to attitude and 5 were related to practice. Each positive answer was given a score of ‘one’ and the negative answer was given a score of ‘zero’. Marks scored 4 to 5 considered as good scorer, score 3 considered as average and 2 or below 2 considered as poor scorer.  A total of 107 cases were collected of which 101 cases were available for post intervention. All patients with hyperlipidemia in the age group 30-70 yrs, willing to participate were included in the study. Among the 101 completed cases, 63.3% was male and 37.7% was female patients. 53.5% of patients were from the age group 61-70yrs. 87.1% followed a mixed diet where as 12.9% followed a vegetarian diet. Before intervention, 9.9 % had good knowledge, 15.8% had good attitude and 4.9% had good practice; whereas after intervention 85.1% had good knowledge, 87.1% had good attitude and 37.6% had good practice in hyperlipidemia. Factors beyond knowledge and attitude contribute to disease management. Plausible factors could be poor self-management, lack of motivation, inadequate social support or lack of resources that are necessary for sustained life style modification or behavior change.

The continuing evolution of business needs and technology makes Web applications more demanding in terms of development, usability and interactivity of their user interfaces. To cope with this complexity, several frameworks have emerged and a new type of Web applications called RIA (Rich Internet Applications) has recently appeared providing richer and more efficient graphical components similar to desktop applications. Given this diversity of solutions, the generation of a code based on UML models has become important. This paper presents the application of the MDA (Model Driven Architecture) to generate, from the UML model, the Code following the MVP pattern (Model-View-Presenter) for a RIA. We adopt GWT (Google web Toolkit) for creating a target meta-model to generate an entire GWT-based web application.

Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma is a rare and agressive variant of the cancer of the kidney. These tumors are indifferencied and originates from all renal cell carcinomas. The diagnosis is exclusively histologic and therapeutic modalities are limited to radical nephrectomy. We report a new case and will discuss diagnosis, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of this rare and agressive entity

The study was carried out for two winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at the Demonstration farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources ,University of Kassala ,Halfa aljadidah. The objective of this to study the effect of sowing date and faba bean cultivar on the icidence of the leaf miner in faba bean. The Four cultivars were Hudeiba93, SML, Bassaber, Elddamer while three sowing dates were 5 November, 20 November and 5 December. Data were recorded for leaf miner infestation and grain yield components (number of pods, weight of 100 seed and seed weight kg /ha ).The results indicated that mean number of mines of L.trifolii in the third sowing date higher than those of first and second sowing dates, respectively. Also ,the highest number of pods per plant (6.27) was recorded in Hudeiba 93 which was significantly higher than SML cultivar. Moreover, the highest seed yield (871kg /ha) was recorded from Eddamer followed by Hudeiba 93(792kg /ha) and Bassaber (755 kg/ha) while lowest seed yield of (571 kg/ha) was recorded from SML. In conclusion, the highest seed yield of 1017kg /ha was recorded in Eddamer at second sowing date.

Additive or constructive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology in which prototypes and functional parts are built through layer by layer addition of material directly by importing the STL file from CAD software to 3D printer. Unlike many manufacturing processes in which material destruction or erosion takes place in this technology material is successively added in a constructive manner to obtain physical 3D object. Due to its simplified product development process it has a wide range of applications in many distinct areas like Automobile, Aerospace, Architecture, bio medics and consumer goods. Since inception many additive manufacturing techniques were evolved and a variety of materials from the classes of metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are utilized. As the numbers of applications are increasing day to day the development of new materials has gained significant importance. In the current paper an over view of developed materials for additive manufacturing processes are reviewed and recent research developments in natural, diverse materials for additive manufacturing applications are discussed.

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to relate the Marxian modes of production to the development of the economy of Bengal basin with particular emphasis on the nation known as Bangladesh. Data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on Marxian modes of production and the economic history of Bengal basin as well. The methodology heavily relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. The findings indicate that the co-existence of the urban, and the now technical industrial sectors, where the service economy and the hard-goods manufacture have little or no relationship with the geography and climatology of the land, is not treated by Marx, and there is no mixed-mode which analogizes the reality of the Bangladesh economy. Further existence of the real possibility of continued mass natural disasters in this land, and the truth of the population density and oppression of the power of the land to feed its own population, cannot be collated into any given mode of production.