Nanotechnology

Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Lead Nitrate and Sodium Phosphate. The formed nano particle is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Ultra-violet spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the preferential growth of Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles that width is 41.09 nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Lead (II) Phosphate show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Lead (II) Phosphate nano particles is found to be 3eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that lead (II) Phosphate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Copper Sulphate and Sodium Phosphate. The formed nano particle is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Ultra-violet spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirmed the preferential growth of Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles that width is 55.08 nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Copper (II) Phosphate show well crystallized particles with cauli flower like morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Copper (II) Phosphate nano particles is found to be 2.5 eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Copper (II) Phosphate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Iron (II) Hydroxide nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Iron (II) chloride and Sodium Hydroxide. Structural and compositional properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preferential growth of Iron (II) Hydroxide nano particles that width is 30.91nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Iron (II) Hydroxide show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Iron (II) hydroxide nano particles is found to be 3.5eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Iron (II) Hydroxide nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Iron (II) Chromate nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Iron (II) chloride and Potassium Chromate. Structural and compositional properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preferential growth of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles that width is 61.27nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Iron (II) Chromate show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Iron (II) Chromate nano particles is found to be 3.5eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Iron Chromate nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

Environmental friendly ? – Fe2O3nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a facile and cost effective chemical precipitation method with the extraction of Nyctanthesarbortristis for the first time. Also it is undergone at room temperature for super capacitor applications and that was observed through electrochemical studies. The prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV visible spectroscopic studies. The powder X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of ? - Fe2O3 in the case of annealed sample. Microscopic images displays that the ? – Fe2O3 nanoparticles were highly agglomerated in nature with the dimension of the order of 2 - 3 ?m. Cyclic voltammetry and simultaneous galvanostatic charge/discharge studies were performed in order to find out the suitability of the material for Supercapacitor applications. The electrochemical results explores that the annealed sample (? – Fe2O3) had improved performance due to its structural with superiority nature. Moreover, the capacitance retention of the ? - Fe2O3 based electrode shows highly stable performance and also its suitability as a lasting electrode material for Super capacitor applications.

This paper presents two polyester/vinylester blended nanocomposites in which first, blend filled with nanoclay and the second blend filled with nanoiron particles separately and both were reinforced with aramid fibers. Commercially available nanoclay used as it easily for the composite preparation, whereas nanoiron was synthesized using two compounds Fecl3 6H2o and Fecl24H2o under the presence of ammonium using chemical reduction method. The effects of water immersion on mechanical properties as flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy of ironnano and nanoclay filled and unfilled quasi-isotropic aramid fibers reinforced polyester/vinylester blended nanocomposites were investigated. Interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength were obtained with the variation of immersion time (0, 95, 155, 195 and 245 days) and weight percent of filler contents viz. (0, 3, 5, and 6wt. %). Impact energy was measured for dry and wet (after conditioning of 245 days) samples as a function of the variation of filler content. Flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy increase with increasing filler content in polymer HFRP (hybrid fiber reinforced Plastics) blended nanocomposites. Immersion in water results in a significant increase of flexural strength, interlaminar shears strength and impact energy, increasing with immersion time. Ironnano particles containing HFRP nanocomposites show higher values of flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy than those of nanoclay filled and unfilled HFRP blended nanocomposites as ironnano particle settles around the fibers, thus increasing the toughness.

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles that have attracted widespread interest in medicine, drug delivery and imaging in living animals due to their unique electronic and optical properties. QDs with Bioconjugated have been introduced for imaging and targeting in living molecular cells, animal models and also in humans. Present efforts are focused on exploring the massive multiplexing capabilities of the QDs for Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery and in addition biocompatibility, bioconjugation and biotoxicity of QDs are also analyzed and discussed. These advances in the QD technology have unraveled a great deal of information about the molecular events in tumor cells and early diagnosis treatment.

Carbon nanotubes fluorescence in a region of the near-infrared, where human tissue and biological fluids are particularly transparent to their emission, but especially in the last decade it has attracted scientific and economic interest triggered by a rapid increase in response to specific biomolecules. A suitable scheme to conjugate the drug and the nanotube is required to make CNTs into viable delivery vehicles. In this present work, multi walled carbon nanotube decorated with titanium dioxide (TiO2-MWNTs) particles have been synthesized and employed as acceptor type materials in organic bulk heterojunction. The donor type material employed in the blend was regioregular poly (3-Octyl Thiophene) (RR-P3OT). X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterized and analyzed.

Zinc oxide nanostructure were successfully synthesized by chemical method and deposited on Al2O3 substrate using PLD. XRD analysis demonstrated that the ZnO nanostructure has a wurtzite structure with orientation of (002). SEM results indicated that by increasing the calcined temperature, the dimension of the ZnO nanostructure increases. The optimum temperature for synthesizing high density ZnO nanostructure was determined to be 1250 K. Room temperature PL spectra of the ZnO nanostructure showed a strong UV emission peak located at around 380 nm and a relatively weak green emission at around 540 nm, confirming that the as-grown nanorods possess good optical properties. The sensitivity of zinc oxide NRs films to 50 ppm vapor NO2 gas as a function of working temperature with different doping.

Mechanical properties of seven types of Ag - clay nano films were investigated. Elasticity of Modulus, Tensile Strength, Toughness, Elongation at break, Tear Strength and color of nano films were compared with those of the regular Low Density Poly Ethylene film. Results showed that inclusion of nano particles increased Modulus of Elasticity, Tensile Strength and Tear Strength but Elongation at break point and toughness of the films were decreased. The effect of film type on Modulus of Elasticity, Tensile Stress and Tear Strength, were significant at the 0.01 level and for Elongation at break point and toughness was significant at the 0.05 level. Investigation of film color parameters and ?E showed that the 1000 ppm nano Ag film has more color than other films. The smallest ?E was related to the control film. ?E value of the nano Ag films increased with increasing nano particle content and in nano composite films, decreased with increasing clay content. In sum, the nano film with 1000 ppm nano Ag content was the best film and control film was the worst film. In conclusion, the nano composite film (SC3) with 500 ppm nano Ag- 450 ppm nano clay content was the best film in terms of the mechanical properties.