Sustainable Architecture

This study assesses the Hausa traditional residential houses with a view to identify transformations in Hausa Traditional residential architecture and to investigate reasons and for the transformation. A minimum of 16-40 houses on each ward were purposely selected for the survey. A total of fifty-three (53) wards from (8) eight Local Governments in Kano Metropolitan making a total 1010 houses were studied. Result revealed that, the foundation in the traditional Hausa Architecture was excavated at 300-400 meters depth, roofing system were exposed to single or double pitch and made of timber rafters purlin. Finishes in the Hausa traditional Architecture was made of cement plaster. Furthermore, the open spaces area ranges from 15%-35% of the total land area.

As explained in the chaos chapter, in strange attractor of chaotic systems, creation of information takes place in the diverging trajectories while destruction of information happens in converging trajectories. This quality provides the system with an optimization process. In fact, diverging trajectories provide a search space for examination of all the possibilities and probabilities while finding the optimum general solution to the matter at hand takes place in converging trajectories. In the process starting from the subject and ending with the architectural design, the mind constantly converges and diverges in order to create new information and destroy the redundant information. At the stage of idea-finding, as the parasite and often redundant information increase, our mental system’s trajectories diverged in order to acquire information and develop the search space. Now, we must consider the actual conditions of the act and the designing priorities and destroy the information by absorbing the redundancies and set aside the improper ideas and through elimination, narrow down our ideas in order to find the best answer so that our final mental pattern takes form out of shapelessness. As if until now, we have prepared the conditions of creating and vitalizing the entity and now we want to deal with its actual essence: what nature does this embryo is supposed to assume in order to be accepted and welcomed by its future audiences and maintainers? In the third stage, the alternatives start their journey to growth and evolution from vague and broad sketches and end when a real design emerges.

If you want to create an architectural system as beautiful as the natural system, you need to try to make it so it contains new information at any second like the flow of a river and never become linear and repetitive. It’s necessary that in this system, there always be the chance of news and this is not possible except with the synergy of information of all the factors affecting the system. Anything the architect, as the creator, does in the process of creating the work at every second is creating information. These information should be managed deliberately in line with the goals of the system and comply with all the qualities of chaotic systems. This principle is a general principle applicable before all other principles.

It’s as if the child we have conceived is now born to interact hereinafter with the world and the people in it. In the Chaos Chapter, we explained how natural systems learn. Since chaotic system are flexible and able to adapt to the super-systems and are also able to self-organize and optimize, they are capable of surviving and even promoting through the process of negative feedback and change in generative information by being placed in different conditions and dealing with turbulences. How to confront the conditions and decide is recorded in the memory of the system and would lead to next mutations and irreversibility of the system.

Critical care units require special space and equipment considerations for safe and effective patient care, staff functions, and family participation. Families and visitors to critical care units often wait for long periods, including overnight, under highly stressful situations. They tend to congregate at unit entries to be readily accessible to staff interaction. Not every hospital will provide all types of critical care. Some hospitals may have asmall combined unit; others may have separate, sophisticated units for highly specialized treatments. Critical care units shall comply in size, number, and type with these standards and with the functional program. Design shall address such issues as privacy, atmosphere, and aesthetics for all involved in the care, comfort of patients and fire protection in critical care units.

A crèche is defined as a nursery where babies and young children from nascent age of 1-3 years are cared for during the working day. Federal University of Science and Technology Uyo Nigeria recently are in dire need for a crèche facility to for a day care needs of the growing number of new born babies of its working staff from the administrative and academic sectors of the University. A literature research was conducted on the facility requirement for such facility vs-a-vis the needs for such provision for a capacity of fifty (50) children. In the BRIEF; there are needs for isolation space for the sick ones to hinder spread of contagious infant disease, staff/attendants space, sleeping, sanitary spaces, napkin washing, administrative, parents waiting for collection and registration, lactating space during breaks, etc. Where statistically articulated and analyzed to design a befitting crèche architecture that is environment friendly. It will also assist in mitigating and erasing, the danger of employing privates nannies who poses security dangers to our homes while away to official duties.

Urban spaces and the facades and physical elements of the city are the best things to lead us to a direct understanding of the city and whatever happens in it. Citizens interact with such spaces and find common points with other citizens. They experience the common events and a joint image is formed in their minds. The results of these common experiences and images can be called the identity of the city in the minds of its residents. The urban open spaces (i.e. the urban places for shopping, recreational activities, visiting, and gathering without any barrier at any time) are very effective on the formation of the collective identity between the citizens and on the solidarity of the urban identity. In case of Iran, a clear representation of such spaces can be found in the traditional bazaars. Iranian bazaars are the public attractiveness of the cities that call the people to come and spend their time. The Iranian old cities have been mainly commercial and merchandised cities and thus the bazaar used to be the backbone of the cities. The role of bazaar will be understood more clearly when we see that the main elements of the city, including the squares, mosques, schools, public houses, etc. were built beside the bazaars. The main subject of this research (i.e. traditional bazaar of Shiraz City) is located in Shiraz city, Fars Province of Iran. The main reason for choosing Shiraz is the fact that it is hold as the heart of Iran, i.e., between North, South, East, and West. Thus the potentials of the city can be conducted in a right commercial way.

The study focused on the need to evolve design criteria for designing and optimal utilization of recreational open spaces in relation to the appropriate percentage of indoor to outdoor facilities. The amount of time available for leisure, available facilities, accessibility to recreational areas, architectural planning, marketing and publicity, contribute significantly to people’s participation and utilization quality in open space recreation. It is therefore necessary to collect and analyze primary social data to form the basis of architectural planning and design of recreational facilities for people in Owerri. The paper explored the constituents of existing recreational open spaces in the study area and using a well structured questionnaire, social data of preference the indoor and outdoor facilities data were derived to constitute the guideline to issue recommendations for the improvement and revitalization of the free and recreational spaces that will enhance quality of utilization.

Necessity is the mother of invention. The superiority of human over other creatures lies in the fact that he can make tools to satisfy his needs. To make bread, they needed to crush the wheat into powder. To achieve this end, the hard-working people of Khuzestan Province tried to use hydropower by building mill and operating it. The utilization of Eco-friend Energy plays the essential role in the environmental protection in the contemporary age, so that many countries have given the importance to such energies in their national programs. The study demonstrates that the issue has been considered in Iran from the early ages. The recognition of watermills utilization experience in the southwestern region of Iran and especially the northern part of Khouzestan province reveals that the use of water energy has been adapted with the daily needs of residents. With regard to the water power transmission mechanism in the studied local watermills known as Asyab, a same mechanism in all two types of Asyabs is recognizable. Based on the study main achievement, such a power transmission mechanism can be applied in the contemporary age even in other countries to replace the energies derived from the fossil fuels with the water energy as a Renewable and Eco-friend Energy Finally, not only, to preserve such valuable historic remnants is an aid to attract Iran and glob tourists and the people who are interested to know about them, but, Capitalizing on the rewarding continental conditions of Dezful city leads to take economical steps to make a steady progress in using modern technologies such as electricity power.

In building production management, the goal is to achieve project delivery within the contract cost, time and to ensure that specified scope and quality is met without compromising the health and safety of the operatives. Effective project delivery refers to realizing the building project within the scheduled time at the scheduled cost which equally meets the client’s need. This is achievable adopting some cost reduction parameters. According to Arora and Bindra (2008), building materials account for 50 to 80 percent of the total value of construction; hence the ability to reduce wastage and improve productivity will have major cost and time benefits. For a project to be successfully delivered, Lock (2002), states that such project would seek to foresee or predict as many of the dangers and problems as possible and to plan, organize and control activities so that the project is completed as successfully as possible despite all the risks. This process starts before any resources are committed, and will continue until all work is finished. The aim is for the final result to satisfy the project sponsor or purchaser within the promised timescale and without using more money and other resources than those originally set aside or budgeted. It was observed that diligent building materials management; adoption of inventory models as cost reduction parameters in public building delivery significantly reduce time, waste and cost. In addition development of appropriate framework for Economic Order Quantity model which enables the ordering of the critical building materials as and when needed without overstocking and tying up capital assist to minimize total construction cost so that project will be realized on schedule in accordance to specified quality hence, eliminating the incidence of failed construction projects.