Social Sciences

The study used environmental, economic and social parameters to investigate the impact of open space conversion on neighbourhood quality in a planned residential estate in Nigeria. The study relied largely on primary survey to elicit information from 142 residents in the area using stratified random sampling approach. Data from existing literature were adopted in appropriate instances to enrich the study. Analysis of the data was carried out with use of several descriptive statistics (Relative Impact Index RII, Simple Frequencies, Percentages, Charts, etc) on Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS 17.0 version and Inferential Statistics (Multiple Regression Analysis). In addition, Contingent Appraisal Technique (WTP) was also employed in the analysis. The study showed that while increased neighbourhood noise level RII=0.758 is of the highest environmental effect, followed by increased air pollution RII=0.740, and increased neighbourhood insecurity RII=0. 706, however the residents’ WTP analysis revealed that the residents are willing to pay more for improved security WTP (RII=0.630) and sanitation WTP (RII=0.576) than any other aspects of environmental impact of open space conversion.

Not many studies have so far quantitatively investigated the role of multiple intelligences (MI) in language teaching and almost research has explored the role of MI in listening proficiency. In this study we worked on them too. The purpose of this research study were to investigate whether there was a relationship between each component of multiple intelligences and listening proficiency among Iranian Damavand university students to find those components of multiple intelligences which act as the predictor of listening proficiency among Damavand university students. In so doing, 30 juniors and 20 sophomores took part. Listening test was used for the purpose of homogenization and organization of the participants. After wards, the participants received the multiple intelligence inventory questionnaire then. All necessary instruction were given to the participants and the data were analyzed and coded in spss. Quantitative results indicated that there was no significant correlation between multiple intelligences and listening proficiency in this study.

Today, with the growing population in megalopolis around the world, particularly in developing countries followed by increasing problems caused by unbridled urbanization process within these countries in different aspects, the need to face these new challenges of urbanization have made a need for changes in urban management practices in megalopolis, therefore participatory urban development as a new approach and an efficient planning system can decrease and gradually eliminate many of today's problems in megalopolis if it is achieved accurately and expertly with taking into account all aspects and full understanding of the views and the wishes of the inhabitants of each city. The methodology of this study is functional based on the purpose and based on the nature, is descriptive - analytical. This study used library, documental, and field studies to gather data, In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire with closed questions using Likert spectrum with convincing reliability and validity was developed and distributed within in district one of Shiraz on the basis of random sampling and then, obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and finally recommendations and solutions to achieve the optimal participation of the neighborhood residents. The result of this study has indicated that there is a significant relationship between the lack of proper planning and its role in the lower participation of citizens of district one of Shiraz , and also a significant relationship between the urban management practices and the degree of participatory of the neighborhood residents. It seems that it is essential for urban managers to do necessary planning to gain greater participation of local residents and also increase the degree of participatory of people in urban development programs by changing the traditional management practices.

Usually calculated by calculating the absolute poverty line, with poverty as well as the limitations due to lack of access to accurate data is how to choose the items needed for low-income groups, is confronting. On the other hand, the determination of relative poverty rather than poverty, inequality shows. This paper inequality poverty and its causes in society, with an emphasis on equality of society makes. Show the causes and consequences of poverty in our communities, especially Iran could use the attention of planners and policy makers socio - economic placed. Because the consequences of any social phenomenon causes can be the starting point and deal with of the phenomenon Poverty and social inequalities in society.

Modern teaching is characterized by interaction, communication and participation. It is believed that an interactive class must incorporate participation in order to assure learner centered teaching and better results. Brainstorming is one of the popular techniques of participative approach to decision making which can be employed in a pedagogic situation as well. The present study is of exploratory type. It uses descriptive approach of research, however questionnaires have been used to elicit primary data from the concerned samples. The findings show that brainstorming is a useful technique of teaching which catches attention of both the teachers and learners.

This article presents the strategic thinking of the underdog, and to show how it is possible to teach or train people in all walks of life. The first part discusses the characteristics of underdog strategic thinking by comparing them to strong-side strategic thinking. The examples are deliberately drawn from a range of applications, to emphasize that the underdog will never think of only one category of means. The second part proposes some simple exercises to start training people in underdog thinking, first by identifying those who do so naturally, and then in using a simple device, the core idea, to give their own strong-side thinking the beneficial characteristics of the other kind of strategy.

Youth unemployment in Kenya has been seen to be on the rise. However, with the inception of the Youth Enterprise Development Fund the youth have been able to exploit the opportunity in utilizing the fund. The study used a sample of 147 respondents from the youth group in Turbo Division, Uasin-Gishu County. The study found out that the prevailing factors encouraging youth participation in entrepreneurship included; entrepreneurial business trainings, societal attitude and finally family involvement

Burnout a multidimensional construct consisting of emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue and depersonalization was shown destructive to personal health. Job design feature of demand and control model cause burnout because of high demands of work (namely production responsibility, problem solving demand and monitoring demand) and lack of control (timing control and method control) over work. There is also evidence concerning The association between burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current research was to verify these relations. The participants were 128 personnel of Isfahan Gas Company. job design inventory was used to form two groups. In two groups of inappropriate job design (low control and high demand) and appropriate job design group. Instruments were Burnout Questionnaire of Maslach. Lipid serum was measures as dependent (criterion) variables. Relations between burnout and dependent variables in two group was determined and transfer to Z-fisher to compare stronger relationship in poor job design group. It is concluded that burnout is dependent on the quality of social environment especially job design and burnout bring cardiovascular disease more in poor job design group so we advice managers enrich job design characteristics to ensure you have healthy workers.

The study aimed to explore the relationship of emotional intelligence on the job satisfaction among university teachers. This research was descriptive in nature .The research objectives included to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among university teachers and to explore the role of demographic variation such as age, gender, experience, qualification of the university teachers in determining their level of emotional intelligence and their perception about job satisfaction. The population of this study was university teachers of public and private sector universities in Islamabad. A stratified random sample comprised of 50 male and 50 female university teachers were collected from two public and two private universities of Islamabad. Two questionnaires were used for data collection in which one for measuring Job satisfaction while other for measuring emotional intelligence (self-awareness, social skills, self-regulation, motivation, social awareness) of prospective teachers. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS 16. The major finding of the study concludes that is positive significant correlation between Emotional intelligence and Job satisfaction among public and private sector universities(r=0.78). Result showed that female university teachers are more emotional intelligent than male university teachers whereas male university teachers perceive greater job satisfaction. However, Older university teachers are more emotionally intelligent and perceives greater job satisfaction .Result concluded that lecturers are more emotional intelligent while Professor perceives higher job satisfaction. Result portrays that PHD qualified university teachers shows more emotional intelligence while PhD qualified teachers perceives greater job satisfaction. Findings conclude that less experienced university teachers are more emotional intelligent whereas experienced university teachers perceives greater job satisfaction. It further discloses that a private sector university teachers experiences higher emotional intelligence whereas public sector university teacher recognizes higher job satisfaction The study was beneficial to teachers, researchers, curriculum developer, trainers, psychologists and education planners. Job satisfaction among teachers can be enhanced by training, needs satisfaction, providing facilities and improving their emotional intelligence.

Since the beginning of human creation, culture, publishing and promoting the divine religions and prophets of the most important functions and convey Islam with the seal of the Prophet Muhammad (p.) as the most complete only religion acceptable to God(Al-Imran verse 65), Revealed teachings, orders of worship and happiness humanity was completed. Since all the teachings of Islam, rooted in compassion and kindness of God and have fun and the interpretation of Ali (AS) which states: (Feizol-Islam, 2004p. 313). This religion is based on love and columns. In this article are intended to explain the importance of Promote Islam, How to use special tools to Promote the love of Jesus in order to increase productivity and promotional activities, we examined the effectiveness of missionaries and Clergymen.