Civil Engineering

An efficient and adequate transportation system is one of the key indicators of a nation’s prosperity, its developmental status and overall economic growth. The roads pass through areas with extreme climatic conditions from heavy rainfall to desert conditions; diverse terrains from plains to extremely high mountains, plateaus and varying soil grades, rocky and gravelly to marshy land. Over the past four decades, the share of total rail and road traffic carrying passengers and goods is gradually increasing because of fast and ever-increasing industrial, commercial, and other socioeconomic development activities, the road transport vehicle population, especially the vehicles carrying goods, has also increased phenomenally during this period. Because of economies in road transportation, overloading by truck operators is common. The majority of the arterial road system experiences overloading, as much as 18 to 20-tonne axle loads versus the permissible legal limit of 10.2 tonnes. The existing road network has shown signs of premature distress because of the unexpected demands of growing traffic volume and heavier axle loads. The network has fallen short of its structural capacity and hence it is greatly overstrained. The majority of allocated funds are utilized for providing maintenance and rehabilitation measures to the existing network rather than for new construction. With this background, in the present study, a road section is identified in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh to carry out the pavement performance study on distresses. For the selected stretch, data was collected on rutting, ravelling, potholes, edge failures, traffic, etc. The detailed analysis was performed using NCSS statistical tool and to develop a pavement performance model for the selected stretch.

As well all know, residential buildings and houses in Malaysia are experiencing overheating of roof space problems owing to unsuitable selection of roofing materials and the systems as well. Subsequently, the indoor thermal comfort of the building is deficiently affected, particularly for low rise buildings where the roof is representing around 70% of heat gain. The thermal performance of a building is affected by the solar absorbance of roof, during a clear sky conditions up to 1kW/m2 of radiation can be incidental on a roof surface and between 20% and 90% of this radiation is naturally absorbed. This paper is anticipated to reassess the roofing materials and roof colours employed in Malaysian building and establish whether they are appropriate for the hot humid climate zone. The study aims to review the thermal performance of roofing materials in Malaysia. Roof colors on some existing buildings and home buyers preferred roof tiles’ colors have been determined. A survey was conducted among home buyers in Malaysian to determine the most preferred roofing colors. The survey results suggest that blue and brown are the most preferred ones followed by red. The study also revealed that 70% of households in Malaysia are using air-conditioning. The observation survey on some existing buildings revealed that 90% of roof tiles are red followed by 10 % black color

Construction industry is under constant pressure to increase the quality and speed of its construction delivery processes. Construction planning plays vital role in the development of construction industry. There is still a huge discrepancy between execution and plan. Therefore, an efficient and effective planning method is intensively needed to enhance the project performance and to minimize the risk of cost overrun and delays. In Engineering and Construction, building construction schedule is prepared by visualizing 2D design documents of a building project. This process is difficult to associate components in the 2D documents with their related construction activities, and then visualize the construction sequence. 4D Planning technologies, visually representing the construction schedule along with the 3D model components, has the potential to aid this process by providing a common visual language for Planners. The research presented an assessment based survey to identify knowledge, features, benefits & barriers in implementation of 4D planning in construction project. Better visualization of works, reducing the conflicts between the design/execution were the key benefits in 4D planning as observed from an assessment.

Even though lightweight foamed concrete has low mechanical properties compared to normal weight concrete, there is a potential of using this material as partition or load-bearing wall in low-rise residential construction. Before it can be considered for use as a load-bearing element in the building industry, it is necessary to acquire reliable information of its mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures for quantification of its fire resistance performance. This paper will present the results of experiments that have been carried out to examine and characterize the compressive stress-strain relationship of foamed concrete at high temperatures. Foamed concrete with 650 kg/m3 and 1000 kg/m3 density were cast and tested. The compression tests were carried out at ambient temperature, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C.

A Common effective method i.e. base isolation systems is used to reduce the seismic response of liquid storage tanks. In this work a method for dynamic analysis of liquid storage tanks isolated by the lead rubber bearing to bi-directional earthquake motion which incorporates the interaction between the restoring forces of the bearings in two orthogonal directions is presented.it is concluded that. The peak response of base isolated liquid storage tanks is not much influenced by the bi-directional interaction of restoring forces of Lead LRB.

From the experimental verification, as expected the mechanical properties of foamcrete were reasonably low when compared to normal weight concrete. Nonetheless there was a potential of using foamcrete as fire resistant partition or as load-bearing walls in low-rise residential construction. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, this paper presents a preliminary feasibility study on its fire resistance and structural performance of foamcrete based system. The objectives of this feasibility study are tp investigate the fire resistance performance of foamcrete panels of different densities (650, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 kg/m3) when exposed to fire on one side for different fire resistance ratings based on insulation requirement and to examine whether the composite walling system had sufficient load carrying capacity, based on compression resistance at ambient temperature.

Crimped steel fibres with varying aspect ratio in the range of 30-60 were added in M-20 Concrete specimens. The fibre percentage chosen for study was 1% by volume. The concrete specimens were tested for 7 day, 14 day and 28 day compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete mix without fibres. The results concluded that the addition of 1% fibres with an aspect ratio of 50 leads to maximum improvement in early as well as long term compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete.

Cement is most generally utilized development material because of its great compressive quality and solidness. One of the significant parameter which impact quality is curing. Curing assumes a noteworthy part in building up the solid microstructure and pore structure. Curing is the way toward keeping up appropriate dampness content especially inside 28 days to advance ideal bond hydration promptly after situation. Great curing is not for all intents and purposes conceivable in the majority of the cases, for example, vertical individuals, human mistakes, places where there is shortage of water. In such conditions self curing cement is exceptionally versatile and alleviating the above issues. The self curing solid implies that no outside curing is required for cement. The idea of self curing cement is to decrease the water vanishing. As characterized by ACI, "Self or interior curing alludes to the procedure by which the hydration of bond happens in view of the accessibility of extra inner water that is not part of the blending water." One of the methods of self curing is by utilizing hydrophilic materials. A portion of the regularly accessible hydrophilic materials are Polyethylene Glycol, Paraffin wax, Acrylic corrosive. The utilization of hydrophilic materials minimizes the loss of water from the solid and aides in ceaseless curing of cement. In this study, considered review of cement is M40. The admixture utilized for self curing is Fluid Paraffin Wax, which is dry, scentless and dull. The impact of variety in quality parameters i,e., Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength were considered with Liquid Paraffin Wax (self curing specialist) (0.1% by weight of bond) and contrasted and that of traditional cured cement. The admixture Conplast SP430 was included (0.3% by weight of bond) in both traditional concrete and self curing concrete for increment of workability. The plan blend extent was 1:1.45:2.95. Quality of self curing cement is keeping pace with customary cement. From this study, reasoned that utilizing of Liquid Paraffin Wax as self curing operator can indicate critical variety in quality of cement.

This paper is organized such as, it is based on the study of an industrial factory building to the bridge pile foundation construction stability, and it investigates the effect of a new building to the bridge pile foundation internal force by the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Matching the data of numerical examination with the one of monitor measurement, we achieve that a new building has a small influence on the deformation under load action and the stress difference of a bridge pile foundation. Besides, the bridge pile foundation is safe and stable under load action.

Adjustment, in a wide sense joins the different techniques utilized for altering the properties of soil to enhance its building execution. An expansive piece of focal India and a bit of south India are secured with dark cotton soils. These have high PI values. Earth soil is generally utilized as a part of the greater part of the development ventures. Mud soils, especially delicate earth soils, have great plastic properties so that expanded dampness brings about their diminished shear quality, compressive quality and volume changes. Far reaching soil represents a genuine danger to overlaying structures because of high swell and psychologist. So we have to balance out those dirts. Lime and bond are the regularly utilized artificially added substances for soil adjustment. These are far reaching. So we require a characteristic added substance for adjustment. In this paper we utilized the eggshell powder and quarry tidy as squanders. The quarry tidy is utilized as a filling material and the eggshell powder is utilized as a fastener. Quarry clean is added to soil at 30% substitution of soil. Eggshell powder was added to the dirt at 5%, 10%, 15%. For the ideal condition The Specimens were cured for 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after which they were tried for unconfined Compressive tests and CBR. In view of results it can be inferred that the eggshell powder can be viably utilized as a fastener as a part of place of lime. The test outcomes so acquired and demonstrated that 10% of eggshell powder gives MDD at OMC. The expansion in CBR is least in dark cotton soils though quarry tidy and ideal measurements of eggshell powder is included under the utilization of enhanced quarry clean and eggshell powder demonstrates obvious results.