Thermal Engineering

This study presents a novel natural convection process. A prototype of an indirect solar dryer, with its collector made of hemispherical concentrators had been realized and studied with the idea of obtaining higher temperature in the drying chamber, and this with a steady non tracking collector. The patented collector is based on the hot-spot theory. Measurements had been conducted for all critical period of the year. The result seemed conclusive with temperature improvement in steady non tracking collectors, and suggests further investigation of the hot-spot theory, by conceiving a mathematical model and by deepening the experiment outcomes for a best thermodynamic study.

Our work relates to a numerical and experimental study of a solar exchanger designed and tested in Laboratory of Renewable Thermal Energy. This device is a unit for transforming solar radiation into thermal energy. The objective of our work is to study the evolution of temperature in the solar collector-water system. Our results show that this device makes it possible to heat the water during the day. The numerical results show that the temperature rise of the water is 47.84 °C in March and 46.34 °C in April.

Development of eco-friendly systems and energy efficient systems has been a great concern for sustainable development. In the present research paper, we are using a two-stage evaporative cooler (TSEC) consisting of two evaporative cooling chambers. The temperature drop through TSIEC can be achieved to be about 100K or below by applying the combined concept of bootstrap air refrigeration cycle and evaporative air refrigeration cycle. In this system we are using indirect evaporative cooling of compressed air in two stages of compression followed by cooling to attain very low temperature which can be used for scientific researches and cryogenics.

The conventional double pipe heat exchanger has less heat transfer rate, so to overcome this problem, this paper focuses on establishing the Triple Tube Heat Exchanger (TTHE) is modified constructive version of double concentric tube heat exchanger by adding an intermediate tube for hot fluid. In this paper the experimental data obtained during the test in a double and triple concentric tube heat exchangers are very much impressive. However, U valve also fitted and were analyzed and the experiment results conforms the effectiveness of the triple tube heat exchanger.

We have conducted a meta-analysis, a detailed literature review has been studied on hydrogen economy and it’s important in both regions. We have also seen that how useful a hydrogen can be and how it can affect the overall economy of both regions (China and Pakistan). The reason for conducting meta-analysis is to compare the hydrogen economy performance in both countries. This analysis would also give a wider perspective that how hydrogen economy with its different functions, especially hydrogen in the energy sector can enhance the overall growth of the economy. In our analysis, we have compared the different statistics of hydrogen with different factors of economy and tried to assess the impact of hydrogen in those sectors. Our findings indicate that large-scale use of hydrogen is not a significant environmental hazard. If appropriate technical standards and safety standards are used, hydrogen is no longer hazardous to conventional fuels. The hydrogen economy has the potential to provide many benefits for the country, including reduced dependence on imported oil, environmental sustainability, and economic competitiveness. But without serious effort, there is no serious difficulty. Recommendations are made to guide Pakistan towards the path to the hydrogen economy. It must be a clear political support for the development of hydrogen. We need to establish a partnership with countries related to hydrogen technology. In order to overcome the technical obstacles, investment in the research and development of hydrogen and fuel cells is necessary. Current study is not only beneficial for policymakers but also for scholars.

In this work, we simulate the global solar radiation received by a horizontal surface and vertical surfaces of different orientations on the ground from theoretical models considering the diffusion and absorption of solar radiation through the atmospheric layer. We have to generate results of the global radiation by the model of Liu and Jordan for thermal systems optimization, particularly in the field of the building in the city of Ouagadougou. This work shows that the solar radiation on a surface, in addition to the seasonal variability, also varies according to the orientation and the inclination of the sun. Thus, in the case of buildings, for example, exposing the large surfaces of the building according to the southern orientation will be avoided in favor of the northern orientation. It is also necessary to consider the scenario of use of the building to situate it in space and time in order to minimize the thermal contributions.

An analytical solution to the problem of an MHD oscillatory boundary layer flow past a porous horizontal plate with periodic suction is presented. The fluid in the boundary layer rotates about an axis normal to the plate with a uniform angular velocity. A magnetic field of uniform strength is assumed to be applied normal to the plate. The equations governing the flow and heat transfer are solved by regular perturbation technique assuming the solution to be consist of a mean part and a perturbed part. The expressions for the temperature fields, skin friction at the plate due to primary and secondary velocity fields and the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the fluid in terms of Nusselt number are obtained in non dimensional form. The dimensionless expressions for the amplitude and phases of the fluctuating parts of the skin friction, Nusselt number at the plate are also derived. The skin friction due to primary velocity and skin friction due to secondary velocity at the plate, the amplitude and phase of the fluctuating part of , the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the fluid in terms of Nusselt number and amplitudes and phases of the fluctuating parts of it are demonstrated graphically and the effects of the parameters M (Hartmann number), (rotation parameter)and A (suction parameter)on these fields are discussed.It is seen that M, ,A have significant effect on the flow and heat transfer characteristics.2000 Mathematics subject classification: 76W05

The effects of ethanol addition to the intake air manifold (ethanol fumigation) with percentage 10% and 20% on CO, HC, smoke and soot emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine have been investigated experimentally and compared with each other and with the original diesel engine (100 % diesel fuel). The results show that the optimum percentage for ethanol fumigation is 20%. This percentage produces an increase in CO emissions, HC emissions and reduction in engine smoke and soot mass concentration.

The use of a latent heat storage system using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is an effective way of storing thermal energy (solar energy, off-peak electricity, industrial waste heat) and has the advantages of high storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. In the present era the utilizations of electricity and other conventional modes are quite in effective to the present demand and in other hand the role of alternative energy resources which compensates the present energy demands of the world will be not enough for the future. Meanwhile by the year 2020 the renewable energy resources are depleting so that it will become in need of very high energy demand due to over population in India comparing to the world resources and their populations. Now it clearly shows that trapping the solar energy and storing the heat by means of suitable PCMs will give other hand support to solve the energy crisis will help to bring out a new milestone in energy storage revolutions. It has been demonstrated that, for the development of a latent heat storage system, choice of the PCM plays an important role in addition to heat transfer mechanism. The information on the latent heat storage materials and systems is enormous and published widely in the literatures. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide information from the previous works on PCMs and latent heat storage systems. This review may have been planned to be useful to the scientists and researchers to investigate more on PCMs.

The Americium-Beryllium neutron irradiation facility at the National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), Ghana, was re-designed with a 20 Curie source using MCNP5 to investigate the maximum amount of flux that is produced by the source. The main objective was to enable us harness the maximum amount of flux for optimization of neutron activation analysis. The design was compared with the values recorded in the existing Am-Be source design. The thermal neutron flux ranges from (1.80 ± 0.0008) × 106 n/cm2.s to (2.28 ± 0.0008) × 105 n/cm2.s. The epithermal neutron flux ranges from (8.20 ± 0.0008) × 105 n/cm2.s to (3.73 ± 0.0008) × 104 n/cm2.s and that of the fast neutron flux ranges from (4.20 ± 0.0008) × 105 n/cm2.s to (1.72 ± 0.0008) × 104 n/cm2.s. The keff of the Am-Be source design was obtained as 0.00115 ± 0.0008.