Archives-September 2015

This paper presents two polyester/vinylester blended nanocomposites in which first, blend filled with nanoclay and the second blend filled with nanoiron particles separately and both were reinforced with aramid fibers. Commercially available nanoclay used as it easily for the composite preparation, whereas nanoiron was synthesized using two compounds Fecl3 6H2o and Fecl24H2o under the presence of ammonium using chemical reduction method. The effects of water immersion on mechanical properties as flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy of ironnano and nanoclay filled and unfilled quasi-isotropic aramid fibers reinforced polyester/vinylester blended nanocomposites were investigated. Interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength were obtained with the variation of immersion time (0, 95, 155, 195 and 245 days) and weight percent of filler contents viz. (0, 3, 5, and 6wt. %). Impact energy was measured for dry and wet (after conditioning of 245 days) samples as a function of the variation of filler content. Flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy increase with increasing filler content in polymer HFRP (hybrid fiber reinforced Plastics) blended nanocomposites. Immersion in water results in a significant increase of flexural strength, interlaminar shears strength and impact energy, increasing with immersion time. Ironnano particles containing HFRP nanocomposites show higher values of flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and impact energy than those of nanoclay filled and unfilled HFRP blended nanocomposites as ironnano particle settles around the fibers, thus increasing the toughness.

In this paper inf – j composition (where j refers to a t- conorm) and sup- uj composition are defined. Relation between inf- j and sup- ujcompositions are established. Theorems are proved that express the basic properties of inf- j and sup- ujcomposition

This research, provided a proper procedure in order to build up an IT service management Model with the goal of developing a convenient model for the optimized deployment of the IT services in the smart schools plan imposed for the country. To achieve this goal, first, IT service management (ITSM) in general and IBM model in particular are introduced, Later on a generic model is presented for IT service management base on extraction and mapping among IBM model processes and IT services of the smart schools. Finally sample scenarios on administrative components are defined in the line of the strategic plans in order to analyze and evaluate the implementation of the proposed model.

Scarcity of drinking water has been a major problem that most parts of this world are facing since years. Though many methods are there like electric water purifiers, they all are having very high initial and operational cost. Solar still is an exception for this. But, due to its lower yield, it is not yet commercialized. Most of those works to improve solar still efficiency and yield were given emphasize to improve the evaporation rate. But the condensation characteristics are also important. Condensing cover of the solar still and its inclination is one of such areas where detailed study is required. This research paper is intended to find the optimum inclination for the condensing cover for a solar still so as to get the maximum yield.

This paper examines the role of financial development in economic growth of Pakistan. We have generated financial development index for capturing the financial development in Pakistan, along with financial development we have also chosen some explanatory variables which are closely related to economic growth. We have used annual time series data from 1972 to 2013 and used ARDL model for empirical analysis. The result of our study states that financial development is positively related with economic growth.

Beekeeping is a very longstanding practice in the farming communities of the Tigray region and it plays a significant role as a source of additional cash income which is also an integral part in the smallholder farming system of the region. The overall objective of the study was to analyze honey marketing opportunities and challenges in the study area. A total of 135 beekeepers were proportionately and randomly selected from each study districts. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS ver.16. According to the data analysis, the mean price of honey is birr 63.45 (September to November), 61.77 (December to February), 62.20 (March to May) and 59.69 (June to August) and most of the respondents (62.5%) sold their honey at district market while the rest sold at farm gate, kebelle market, other kebelles’/districts’ market and regional market. The honey marketing system of the study area has been reported to have faced with some challenging factors such as poor extension services related to honey marketing (96.6%), absence of local cooperatives that can activity participate in the honey marketing (89.8%), and limitation in participation of wholesalers and processors in the marketing system of honey are the main among the others. Despite these limitations, there are many opportunities for honey marketing in the study area; stable honey price, accesses to market information, access to nearby market and accesses to credit in relation to honey marketing, existence of good market infrastructure particularly, road and mobile networks, and presence of credit institutes such as Dedebit Credit and Saving Institution (DCSI) in the research location.

The effect of some natural product extracts (Punica Granatum Peel PG, Solenostemma Argel SA, Olibanum O, Datura Seeds DS and Datura Leaves DL) on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0M HCl was studied by electrochemical techniques (open–circuit potential, linear polarization resistance and Tafel plots polarization). It is clear, these extracts give inhibition in both anodic and cathodic slopes in Tafel polarization, that indicate these inhibitors used as mixed-type inhibitor. The thermodynamic adsorption isotherm was studied and falls into Langmuir isotherm indicating physisorption isotherm behavior. In addition, the surface morphology of mild steel samples without and with the inhibitors was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

In recent years the natural supply of phenolic substances has been greatly increased due to the release of industrial byproducts into the environment. Phenol is one of the most widely used in the organic compounds in existence and is a basic structural unit for a variety of synthetic organic compounds including agricultural chemicals and pesticides. Among all the toxic compounds, phenol and its substituent phenolic compounds contribute a remarkable adverse impact to the environment. These are major xenobiotics, which are often found in the effluents discharged from the industries such as paper and pulp, textiles, gas and coke, fertilizers, The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1979) had classified the phenolic compounds as high priority pollutants due to their extensive impact on the deterioration of the water environment. In this review paper, we described about plant phenolic compounds, phenolic effects of human exposures, animal exposures, effect on children, reducing the risk of exposure and medical tests to determine concentration of phenol. Key Words: Phenol, Environment, plant phenolic compounds, Human Exposures, Animal Exposures and medical tests.

The corrosion inhibition and adsorption process of D - Tryptophan (DT)on mild steel in 2 HCl was studied by means of chemical (weight loss), electrochemical and quantum chemical techniques. The inhibition efficiency increases with decreasing temperature and increasing concentration of inhibitor. It has been determined that the adsorption of DT on mild steel obeys the Temkin adsorption isotherm at all studied temperatures with negative values of ?Goads, suggesting a stable and a spontaneous inhibition process. In potentiodynamic polarization, the curves shifted towards lower current density in the presence of the DT with well-defined Tafel regions suggesting that the inhibitor retard the corrosion process without changing the mechanism of the corrosion process; and exhibit cathodic and anodic polarization (mixed type inhibitor) because the change in Ecorr is less than 85 vM/SCE with respect to the blank. Corrosion current density was calculated by extrapolation of the linear parts of these curves to the corresponding corrosion potential; and corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current densities (icorr), anodic Tafel slope (?a), cathodicTafel slope (?b) were determined with maximum value of inhibition efficiency for 5 x 10-4 M concentration of the inhibitor at 303 K was 78.4%. From Nyquist plot of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, values of polarization resistance (Rp) increased with increasing inhibitor concentration whereas double layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased indicating a decrease in local dielectric constant or an increase in thickness of electric double layer suggesting that the inhibitor function by forming a protective layer at the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the help of complete geometry optimization for theoretical calculations of EHOMO, ELUMO, and energy gap (?E). Inhibition efficiency increases with increasing EHOMO indicating that the molecule has tendency to donate electrons to the mild steel with low energy empty molecular orbital; whereas low value of ELUMO suggests that the molecule easily accepts electrons from mild steel.

this present study, adsorption capacity of groundnut shell activated carbon coated with Fe3O4 as a low cost adsorbent for removal of cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RDB) from aqueous solution was explored. The surface morphology and functional groups present were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of various parameters such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and concentration of adsorbate were studied at ambient temperature. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. Kinetic data were studied using Pseudo-first and Pseudo-second order kinetic models and the mechanism of adsorption was described by intraparticle diffusion model.