Archives-October 2016

Malnutrition is defined as a lack of proper nutrition. The vast majority of the world?s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the population are undernourished. It is prevalent in children particularly those in developing countries where one person out every four there is undernourished (FAO, 2015). Mortality is related to the severity of the malnutrition (WHO, 2008). In Somalia, child malnutrition remains a major health problem where the proportion of under-five children who were underweight in 2013 was 40% and 21% in rural and urban areas respectively (UNICEF, 2014). The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of malnutrition among children under five years in SOS Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study comprised of a cross-sectional hospital survey. The study population constituted children who were diagnosed as malnutrition cases at SOS Hospital in Mogadishu. The probability systematic random sampling technique was used and the sample size was constitute 384 malnutrition patients. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software to describe and identify significant associations between different variables. Descriptive summary statistics and graphical summaries in tables and charts were used to present the study findings.

Women empowerment is a multi-dimensional nature of power suggest that empowerment strategies for women must build on „the power within? as a necessary adjunct to improving their ability to control resources, to determine agendas and make decisions. Though the Garowe II Principles agreed in February 2012 stipulated that women will get a minimum 30% representation in Federal Parliament, they only secured 38 out of 275 (14%). Somali women lack equal participation and representation both in politics and private sector despite the fact of transforming gender role in Somali where more women become household heads and making up over 60% of the country. In addition, Somali is one of the countries with the highest level of Gender inequality and it is ranked fourth with the Gender Inequality Index of 0.776. To respond to these challenges there have been international and local efforts made for country?s gender empowerment and among the gender sensitive programs activities included; offering technical advice and capacity building support to the government and civil societies in the review of existing gender policies and legislation, building up the organizational capacity of women?s groups and networks to mobilize and advocate for gender equality across the public and private sectors, improving skills of key stakeholders such as traditional and religious leaders to promote gender equality and women empowerment. More specifically, in 2011, US African Development Foundation (USADF) has established a gender sensitive program in Somalia with the primary goal of improving the standard of living June 2013 through addressing a youth job and enterprise placement program preceded by on-the-job training. But there was knowledge gap about the role of gender sensitive programs on women empowerment and gender inequality in Somalia. This study therefore aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the role of gender sensitive programs on gender empowerment in Somalia and more specially, the objective of this study is to investigate the role of gender sensitive programs on women empowerment in Somalia case study USADF training and placement program.

Child mortality refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five or between the age of one month to four years depending on the definition. Child mortality is a core indicator of child health and well-being. In this paper we propose a probability model for child mortality among women with fixed parity under certain assumption and techniques. The suitability of the model is tested through observed data. NFHS-3 data has been used to carry out this study.

The study sought to explore reflective pedagogical needs of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers for promoting creativity in teacher education in south-south Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 217 TVET lecturers, consisted of 165 TVET lecturers from Colleges of Education and 52 TVET lecturers as experts form Vocational Education University of Uyo. Using simple random technique, the sample size consisted of 80 TVET lecturers from Colleges of Education and 42 TVET lecturers form Vocational Education University of Uyo. A-40 item structured questionnaire instrument tagged Reflective Pedagogical Questionnaire (REPEQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was validated by two experts from Vocational Education, University of Uyo, Nigeria and one expert from Vocational Teacher Education University of Nigeria, Nsukka. A reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained after trial test. The research questions were answered using Improvement Need Index (INI) while Z-test was used to test the hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that peer observation skill, lesson recording skill, teachers’ dairy and evaluation skills of reflective pedagogy were needed by TVET lecturers for promoting creativity in College of Education, South-South Nigeria. It was recommended that the officials of state the Ministry of Education in conjunction with Faculty of Education in the Federal Universities should embark on massive training and re-training of TVET lecturers in College of Education, in the reflective pedagogy skills. It was concluded that the COE lecturers should be abreast with the innovative pedagogy for the 21st century instructional delivery.

This research examines the effectiveness of multi sensory approach for the purpose of improving the knowledge on English Letter Identification and among mild intellectual disabled students in the state of Kuwait. The discussion in this study is based on the multisensory approach that could be applied in the teaching of reading skills as well as phonemic awareness skills which could enable the students to acquire the early skills of reading. A total of 20 respondents were involved in the process of gathering data through the quantitative study method, which compromises of male and female mild intellectual disabled students. A pretest-postest method was applied in order to examine the effectiveness of the multisensory approach that could make it possible for them to identify the letters and its sounds. T test for the paired sample was used to figure out the significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores achieved by the students. The findings of the study showed the effect of the multi sensory approach in the teaching process of identifying the English letters and, which at the same time pave a way for the students to apply the mentioned skills in their learning process to read. This study is also significant for schools, centers, and institutes that are involved in the field of special education. Finally, it is considered as a road map to enable the students to learn and acquire the early skills of reading.

Investigation was carried out to study the effect of the forward speed and tire inflation pressure of the farm tractor on gross power losses, and tractive efficiency. The studied variables are the equipment (moldboard plough, disk plough and disk harrow), tire inflation pressure (80, 140 and 160 kPa) and five different forward speeds (3.86, 4.18, 4.76, 5.82 and 7.21 km/h). The ploughing depths were (15-20 cm) and average soil moisture content (14.56 %). the soil texture was found to be a (Clay). The study was focus on the rate of drawbar pull, drawbar specific fuel consumption, travel redaction (slip), tractive efficiency and gross power losses. The experiment was carried out by using split-split plot with complete randomized block design in three replicates. The obtained results, for the range of tests, showed that the use of 80 kPa tire inflation pressure superposed the (140 and 160 kPa), in recording lowest rate of slip (6.31 %), and higher rate of drawbar pull (16.097 kN). The forward speed (3.86 km/h) superposed in recording lowest rate of gross power losses (5.29 kW), and higher rate of tractive efficiency (74.017 %) and drawbar specific fuel consumption (0.98 l/kW.h). While the fifth forward speed (7.21 km/h) was superior on other forward speed in recording higher rate of drawbar pull (17.12 kN), in the meantime the moldboard plough recorded higher rate of tractive efficiency (75.37 %) and drawbar pull (20.69 kN), While the use of disk harrow recording lowest rate of slip (4.898 %) and power losses (7.40 kW). The relationship fits the experimental data on studying the effect of tire inflation pressure (I.P) and forward speed (FS) on reduce of gross power losses (Lpower) by prediction regression equations.

This paper outline is an experimental study to optimize process parameters of plasma arc cutting for stainless steel 420. Three process parameters were chosen these are cutting speed, cutting current and torch height. The experiments are conducted based on taguchi’s L9 OA. The objective of optimization is to attain minimum Ra and maximum MRR individually. Regression models for Ra and MRR are developed based on Regression analysis in Minitab 17 Software. The optimal settings is obtained for Ra and MRR by using Genetic algorithm optimization technique in MATLAB R2013a software.

Wetlands have played a significant role as natural purification systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the phytoremoval effectiveness by Typha angustata and Phragmites australis to treat Pharmaceutical industry effluent in CW systems as vertical flow subsurface treatment. Local wetland soil in CW showed significant improvement in all parameters. Phragmites australis gave 98.36% reduction in COD and 98.93% BOD whereas Ammonical Nitrogen and organic Nitrogen were 99.39% and 86.84% respectively. Treatment using Typha angustata reduces COD 94.18% and 72.17% BOD while Ammonical Nitrogen and organic Nitrogen were reduced 97.3% and 41.21% respectively. The results were also statistically verified using one-way ANOVA and 2 tailed Student’s t test Analysis. The study shows that Pharmaceutical industry effluents can be treated in vertical flow subsurface wetland with Phragmites australis,as it gives best reduction in all the parameters of water with retention time of 7HRT. KEYWORDS: Ammonical Nitrogen, Constructed wetlands (CW),COD, Subsurface-flow.

Organisations within the global mining industry strive to remain competitive and therefore change process should be a regular daily activity. The key driving force behind the change management process was identified in this research as the desire to curtail operating costs by using a technology-driven approach in the Security Department of a particular South African mining company. The purpose of the research is to investigate both the impact of the change process on employees as well as to determine sources of resistance with a proposed outcome to ensure that change processes and strong change management structures are in place that will model change champions without significant resistance.

In the present paper, MHD flow through porous media past an impulsively started vertical plate with variable temperature in the presence of Hall current is studied. The fluid considered is electrically conducting, absorbing-emitting radiation in a non-scattering medium. The Laplace transform technique has been used to find the solutions for the velocity profile and Skin friction. The velocity profile and Skin friction have been studied for different parameters like Prandtl number, Hall parameter, magnetic field parameter, Thermal Grashof number, and time. The effect of parameters are shown graphically and the value of the skin-friction for different parameters has been tabulated.