Archives-May 2015

In this Research, a new method has been proposed in order to classify the mental tasks which represent the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal as time series. Time series are kind of data format which depict signal voltage varieties in time domain. Different parts of the different signals have different powers, so in first step and in the preprocessing, signal partitioning into several fixed windows is needed. Toward the extracting appropriate features from each EEG signal window, PCA algorithm is used. So for each window, a feature vector is made by PCA, and a general vector is created from these primary vectors. In order to refuse redundancy caused by non-important windows, the best combination of such vectors, that have the best results in classification, should be probed. Toward this goal, two feature extraction methods, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), are applied. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) was used as fitness function for PSO and GA. These methods select such windows whose combination of feature vectors are best and increase TP (true positive) of the classifier. The results show that GA and PSO improve the power of classification, but GA is more efficient.

In this paper a method has been proposed that uses static partitioning for improving classification of time components of EEG signals. The main idea is that different windows of signals have different power in classification. So with removing some ineffective windows from signals, the power of classification might be increased. For finding best combination of windows, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied. For extracting appropriate features, Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) was derived for five class problem. It applied onto each window distinguishably, and the final feature vector was obtained from placing these feature vectors altogether. LDA was used for classifying tasks. The proposed method was applied on a dataset of five mental tasks in which 30% of dataset were used for testing system. The experimental results show that window selection by GA will increase the accuracy of algorithm. This technique increased the accuracy from 69% into 95.3% for 25 windows and into 100% for 50 windows. So with changing number of windows, the accuracy of algorithm will be changed. Another important parameter is ’m’ that is the number of spatial patterns selected by CSP.

The occurence of building collpased has become a national embarrasment with its human and societal casualties. The issue of load bearing capacity in terms of the number of occupants observed in the building in comparism with the standard expected occupancy ratio has not being well identified. The study therefore uses purposeful method to select six buildings from the collapsed buildings in different of areas of Ikeja lagos. Questions were administered Orally to the immediate residents of the collapsed buildings. With a chi square of 65.34% in the conducted analysis it reveals that therew is a strong statistical relationship between the observed load bearing capacity in terms of occupacncy rate and the standard expected. This tend to suggest that the the occurence of buildings collpased in lagos may be due to an abnormal occupancy ratio or a higher load bearing capacity. The study thus recommends a strict adherence to the use of building codes and zoning to enforce building design and type for residential areas and the adpotion of fees payment in lieu of default for those building with a higher ratio than normal.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the linkage between macroeconomic variables (inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate) on stock market returns in Pakistan. We used the Pakistan Karachi stock exchange 100 index as a proxy to represent the stock market returns and the interest rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate were used as the macroeconomic variables. Secondary data was collected from the period of January 2007 to December 2012. A Multiple Linear Regression was performed for the purpose of data analysis. The study showed that there is weak connection between macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The research validates the findings of earlier studies as well as conclusions and recommendations are discussed.

Concern has grown regarding the behavior among adolescent on society with the level of their life satisfaction. Ecological theory predicts that family, friend, environment, school and self concept may influence the behavior of adolescent on their stage of human development. The current paper explored the impact of life satisfaction towards the level of committing to antisocial behavior among 126 males and 266 female preschool adolescent (N = 400) in Miri, Sarawak. Result indicates that the effects on adolescent life satisfaction with family have negatively associated with the committing to antisocial behavior meanwhile the adolescent life satisfaction on environment didn’t affect the adolescent committing to antisocial behavior.

Married women who work face various challenges in managing both sides of the world. Performing both tasks demand high degree of commitment and the responsibilities that need to be performed may vary across family life cycle. Success in one domain may influence the other. This study examined the relationships between personal factors, job satisfaction and marital quality among respondents from different stages of family life cycle. Participants were 235 married working women from four districts in Selangor, whose husbands residing together with them at the time of the study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The results indicate that there are significant differences in marital quality and job satisfaction between the different stages of life cycle. Women who have more children, older, and have long-term marriage reported lower marital quality. It is also noted that higher educated women tend to have high marital quality while increased in job satisfaction would ensure a better quality marriage among the respondents. Future studies need to consider using longitudinal data to fully understand the impact of job satisfaction on marital quality across the life cycle.

In this paper, the author has studied performance of a three unit redundant system with the impact of switch and human failure. A system with three identical unit has been considered for assessment of performance under 2-out –of -3: G; policy. In the system, a switch is used to transfer load from one unit to another unit. All three units of system are connected in parallel configuration and working under 2-out-of-3: G; policy. The system can have two types of failure partial failure and complete failure. Partial failure degrades the efficiency of system but the complete failure breakdown the system and stop functioning of the system. Switch failure and human failure are considered as complete failure. The system has two types of failure and two types of repair. General repair is employed to the partially failed system and Gumbel-Hougaard family copula distribution complete failed system. The system is studied by supplementary variable technique and various measures of reliability, such as availability, reliability, MTTF and profit functions have been discussed. Some particular cases have been discussed by taking different failure rates.

Since one of the factors contributing to the understanding of the Qur'an, the words appear, it is clear that any change in the Arab derivation of a word or a variation of it, and turned to talk to other characters may lead to a change in meaning As a result, the interpretation of it. The author, wants to know whether the effect of the interpretation of the readings, such as fundamental changes in the concept and meaning of the Quran, so that he can decree the provisions of Sharia, or religious principles alter or causing minor changes and negligible in the interpretation and meaning of the verse is?. For this purpose, the expression of the sheer size of ten readings, Reading dispute that, in such a way to understand the meanings of the verses, and interpret it had an effect were selected according to the quality of the impact of differences in the interpretation of collected, various readings in the verses of monotheism is examined. At the end of the research and studies carried out in this thesis, the following results were obtained: Some differences in readings, has little effect on their interpretation, and most of the different dialects of Arabic, but some impact on their interpretation so may lead to change in order to be legal and religious. If the difference in some theological and religious issues, stemming from the differences in readings. Reasons and justifications for some time, after Imams life readings discussed, and not because of actual readings and more was learned that inductive and discretion. Although some commentators, on the basis of his interpretation have Hafs narration, but no other verse based on the readings, have been interpreted.

Incidence of guava orchards decline was surveyed in different localities of District Larkana. The samples were collected from trees showing clear disease attack. Pure culture was obtained by transferring single spore/ piece of mycelium to PDA plates. Identification was made by using microscopic characters and taxonomical keys. The fungal pathogens responsible for guava orchard decline were fusarium oxysporium f.sp. psidii. and Botryodiplodia theobromae.

Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions are potential for enhancing oral bioavailability of drugs with high solubility and low permeability, but their industrial application is limited due to the instability. Herein, a novel formulation is developed-a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDS) by formulating mixtures of hydrophilic surfactants and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion. The optimized formulations are stable. SDEDDS can spontaneously emulsify to water-in-oil in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions in the mixed aqueous gastrointestinal environment, with drug encapsulated in the internal water phase of the double emulsions. SDEDDS was employed to improve the oral absorption of Vancomycin Hydrochloride, a peptide-like drug with high solubility and low permeability. The optimized Vancomycin -SDEDDS were found to be stable up to 3 months under 40ºC.