Archives-December 2021

In this study a quick summary for the back-hole theory was presented. It was presented earlier in from of graduation project at university of Bahri, college of applied and industrial sciences department of physics, Khartoum, Sudan by the second author and under supervision of the first author. Black holes were once a star shining for years, before eventually collapse on their core forming the BH. There are three cases for a star non stable end is either a white dwarf, a neutron star or a black hole which is completely depend on the mass of the previous star which are called a compact star due to their highly condensation states. In this paper a quick summary for the theory was presented.

Kenya is vulnerable to natural disasters like floods, which are expected to become more common as a result of climate change. Flooding is one of the natural hazards that is catastrophic in nature and affects human settlements, infrastructure, and livelihoods. The objective of the study was to investigate the factors influencing the integration of GIS, community coping strategies, and local knowledge in flood management in Narok Town, Kenya. This study adopted an analytic cross-sectional study design and an exploratory approach. The study population comprised of households within Narok Town. The sampling unit was a single household while the household head was the unit of analysis. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 385 households from the different zones in the town. A structured flood coping mechanism questionnaire was used to collect data from the household head while Key informant interview guide and focus group discussion was used to gather qualitative information. Descriptive statistics included the mean, standard deviation, percentages, chi-square test were used to analyze data. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 and Quantum Geographic information System to generate data and information on community coping mechanisms, geospatial patterns of floods, and perception about floods in Narok town. Qualitative analysis was analyzed through the use of secondary literature while quantitative data was analyzed through the inferential statistics Fisher’s exact test, Analysis of variance, correlation, and logistic regression. The study findings showed that there is low integration of household knowledge, coping strategies, and Geographic Information systems in flood management among residents of Narok Town. The study finding established that education, Income, and government policies influenced the integration of local knowledge, coping strategies, and GIS integration in flood management. The finding implied that households’ heads' education, income, and awareness of existing government policy on flood disaster management significantly strengthened integration of local knowledge, coping mechanism, GIS integration in flood management.

Flooding is one of the natural hazards that is catastrophic in nature and affects human settlements, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Despite early warnings, public education, and awareness as well as campaigns by the government, media, and non-governmental organizations, residents of the flood-prone areas are still at increased risk of death, loss of property, and displacement leading to loss of livelihoods and disease. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of integration of Geographic Information Systems, community coping strategies, and local knowledge in flood management in Narok Town, Kenya. This study adopted an analytic cross-sectional study design and exploratory approach. The study population comprised of households within Narok Town. The sampling unit was a single household while the household head was the unit of analysis. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 385 households from the different zones in the town. A structured flood coping mechanism questionnaire was used to collect data from the household head while Key informant interview guide and focus group discussion was used to gather qualitative information. Descriptive statistics included the mean, standard deviation, percentages, chi-square test were used to analyze data. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 and Quantum Geographic information System to generate data and information on community coping mechanisms, geospatial patterns of floods, and perception about floods in Narok town. Qualitative analysis was analyzed through the use of secondary literature while quantitative data was analyzed through the inferential statistics Fisher’s exact test, Analysis of variance, correlation, and logistic regression. The study findings showed that there is low integration of household knowledge, coping strategies, and Geographic Information systems in flood management among residents of Narok Town. The study further showed that lack of household knowledge was a result of lack of inadequate forecast information (41.0%), lack of public awareness 42.3% and participation. Results indicate the majority of the local community did not have access to Geographic Information System information in regards to flood hotspots only (30.1%) had data related to flooding, flood zones, and marked physical features showing areas prone to flood disasters.

Conformity plays a fundamental role in creating consistency and minimizing disharmony within organizations. In addition, there are aspects of nonconformity that increase authenticity, reduce burnout, and promote innovation. Conformity is rooted in social influence and implies that individuals naturally look to leaders for group identity. Leaders are also often responsible for the integration of followers and the establishment of organizational standards. Because of this, there is value in understanding how Servant Leadership (SL) behaviors might influence conformity. This paper will provide insight into the relationship between followers' perception of SL and levels of Conformity.

This study aimed to determine the haematological values as well as the phenotypic correlation among the parameters of haematology. One hundred and twenty (120) Japanese quails were raised on a deep litter system. Two experimental diets (starter diet and layers diet) were given to the birds. Blood samples were taken from the birds at six (6) weeks for haematological analysis. According to the result obtained, sex did not have any significant (P> 0.05) effect on any of the haematological parameter. Meanwhile, it was also observed that increment in body weight was found supportive of the haematological parameters.

Quail is a robust small bodied and easy to keep the bird. They can adapt to any climatic condition. Therefore the growth performance and carcass characteristics of this bird was determined using One hundred and twenty (120) Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were raised on a deep litter system. Two experimental diets (starter diet and layer diet) were given to the birds. The average weight and performance characteristics of the birds were determined. Carcass characteristics of selected birds (five males and five females) were slaughtered when the birds reach six (6) weeks of age. According to the results obtained, sex did not have any significant (P>0.05) effect on the performance characteristic. Also, most of the parameters of the carcass characteristic were not influenced (P>0.05) by sex. Age was found to have significant (P<0.05) effect on the performance characteristics. It was discovered that most of the body measurements were good estimators of each other because of the positive phenotypic correlations existing among them. The increment in body weight was found supportive of the haematological parameter.

The fish subsector is considered one of the most important sectors in many Arab countries and due to the challenges facing the sector, this research aimed at investigating the inter-trade and the economic indicators in the Arab countries. Data from the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development was computed to estimate the relative importance, coverage rate, trade exchange rate, exports share, commodity concentration coefficient, economic exposure and propensity to import and export. The comparative advantage is shown to be high only in Yemen and Mauritania based on the locations on coasts. Egypt has shown a good have high comparative advantages while Egypt has shown a higher production from aquacultures than all the rest of the countries. In general, Mauritania, Bahrain, Oman and Morocco have shown higher marginal propensity to export and other export-related indicators. Meanwhile, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE have shown tendency to import. A great potential for economic integration between the Arab countries have been determined and it’s highly recommended that the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development develop and lead a strategy for fish value chain improvement and integration.

In this work two samples of a (Pandanus amaryalifolious) leaves extracts, were exposed to sound waves length of (528 nm and 741 nm) while the third sample of the leaves was left without exposure to any sound. The effect of different wave lengths absorption shows a dramatic difference at the organic compounds and sulfur compounds of each sample, these differences were detected using spectroscopic techniques.

In this work two samples of a (Pandanus amaryalifolious) leaves extracts, were exposed to sound waves length of (528 nm and 741 nm) while the third sample of the leaves was left without exposure to any sound. There was difference of absorption in each sample; these differences were detected using X-Ray Tubes Techniques. The difference of absorption showed the range of germination is not the same in the three samples. As well as the difference in the combination’s bonds of the fundamental molecular vibrations as well.

In contemporary settings, management practices imply strategic approaches to improve employee performance and quality. The paucity of studies on healthcare management practices in developing countries led to the undertaking of this study. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the management practices that influence health workers performance and quality of care within the Dakar-Senegal region and to gain an insight into the central research question of the study. The theory of performance provided the foundation to underpin this study. The overarching research question served to elicit detailed participant responses and aided in uncovering how healthcare workers understand the existing management practices in the organization and the influence it has on workforce performance as it relates to the quality of care in Senegal, west Africa. This study included a sample of clinicians in various healthcare organizations. The protocol developed in this study included one-on-one interviews and focus groups. The repeated words or phrases, using a process of constant comparison of the data was used to analyze the data and derive common and emergent themes, representing the knowledge outcome from the study. The important themes that emerged from the data were productivity, and organizational commitment, based on leadership, transparency and leadership, reflecting the imperatives that must be maintained for effectiveness and institutional effectiveness in delivering quality of patient care. These themes elucidated and clarified how management practices influence healthcare worker performance and quality.