Archives-August 2016

The mean free path, in edition, gas density ratio, molecule radius average time between collisions average velocity of molecule, and the diameter of the molecule for both Maxwell and Druyvestyn Velocities distribution law are performed by numerically solving the Boltzmann transport equation. This achieved for helium and nitrogen gases under influence the applied electric field to the gas pressure ratio ,E/P, between (3.9131x10-3-0.9767) and (1.611-16.115) (V cm-1 Torr-1) respectively at 3000 K. The obtained results are agreement with the experimental data.

An analytical solution is obtained for advection-dispersion equation in one-dimension semi-infinite longitudinal domain. The solute dispersion parameter is considered temporally dependent and flow velocity is uniform. The zero order production term which is inversely proportional to the dispersion coefficient is also considered. Initially the space domain is the linear combination of uniform input and ratio of zero order production and flow velocity with position variable. Laplace transform used to get the analytical solution.

Abstract Aim of present study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Acacia nilotica. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 6 to 22 mm and exhibited appreciable activity against all the clinically important bacterial and fungal species. Overall maximum Inhibition zone (22mm) was observed in extract of methanol and chloroform (75:25) against Bacillus subtilisand minimum (4mm) in extract of methanol and chloroform (50:50) against Dreschlera avenacea. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The antimicrobial effect of the extract was compared with the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin for bacterial and ketokenazole for fungus). Crude extracts of A.nilotica inhibited the growth of various bacteria and fungi thus showed its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential, which may be employed in the management of microbial infections.

A study on rotifers was conducted to count percentage prevalence from Upper Dudhana dam of Jalna district, Maharashtra, India. Rotifera is major group from zooplankton having divers planktonic forms and they shows variation in occurrence amongst them. Samples were collected fortnightly interval for a period of one year from February 2014 to January 2015 and percentage prevalence was counted. Result indicated that the highest percentage prevalence was showed by Brachionus caudatus (87.5%) whereas lowest by Keratella vulga (20.83%) during the period of sampling. The authors concluded that Brachionus caudatus was persistently present in all the seasons of sampling period. The above study gives information of the status of rotifers and providing new insights into its ecology.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a significant idea of another innovation era. It is a dream that allows the sensors or implanted gadgets to be interconnected over the Internet. The up and coming IoT will be significantly exhibited by the tremendous amount of heterogeneous organized installed gadgets that create seriously "Huge information". Immensely a lot of information is being gathered today by numerous associations and in a persistent raise. It ends up being computationally wasteful to break down such gigantic information. The amount of the accessible crude information has been developing an exponential scale. In an enormous database, the important data is covered up. The new grew Big information methods can deal with numerous difficulties that face information investigation and can remove profitable data. This study demonstrates the investigation of IoT and Big information. The study talks about Big information on IoT and how it is made. Numerous IoT existing, future application and an assortment of IoT advances whether wired or remote are seen. Difficulties and procedures that fathom these issues are talked about and the design of IoT is watched.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione dismutase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSSH) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. Study Design: Case control study Place & Duration: Department of Medicine, Jinnah Post Graduate and Medical Centre, JPMC, Karachi from October 2013 to February 2014 Subjects & Methods: 50 normal adult controls and 70 newly diagnosed T2DM were included as per criteria. Blood samples were collected for analysis of blood glucose; HbA1c, MDA, SOD, GPX, CAT and GSSH. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis (p- ? 0.05). Results: MDA was significantly elevated in diabetics 5.9 ± 1.9 compared to controls 4.7± 2.8 µmol/ml respectively (p=0.01) and anti oxidant enzymes- SOD, GPX, CAT and GSSH were reduced in diabetics compared to controls (p=0.0001) Glycated HbA1c and Blood glucose (R) showed positive association with MDA (r = 0.355 and p= 0.026). Conclusion: The serum MDA levels were observed significantly high in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with low anti oxidant enzymes. Antioxidants may be prescribed to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics to halt the vascular complications. Key words: Malondialdehyde Superoxide dismutase Glutathione peroxidase Catalase Glycated HbA1 Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

Replacement feeding is known way of feeding babies born of HIV infected mothers in order to curb Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The reactions of family members and other neighbours towards HIV infected mothers who cannot breastfeed their babies poses a challenge to public health as a whole. This is because heeding to health education on appropriate actions to reduce or stop MTCT of HIV/AIDS through avoidance of breastfeeding may be fruitless as the mothers may be stigmatized. In communities with infant feeding groups or HIV support groups, the story may be different and will lead to better baby outcomes. In conditions where the family and the community understands and are supportive or in favour or replacement feeding, the chance of child survival is certainly higher. In sub urban areas like the study where the prevalence (11.9%) of MTCT of HIV has been found to be highest in the whole nation, MTCT transmission through breastfeeding could be possible. Thus this survey was find out the support and community participation in curbing HIV transmission through breastfeeding by the use of replacement feeding. A cross-sectional research design was used and the variables described. In both approaches (quantitative and qualitative methods) of data collection were used. The quantitative arm recruited 112 women in three facilities using convenient sampling and a WHO structured questionnaire and the qualitative components sourced 16 women from eight community-based associations for in-depth interviews. Microsoft Excel and Stata statistical software version 10 were used for creating data-base and analysis respectively. Community support on infant feeding was low. The results could be used in intensifying the health education on PMTCT of HIV/AIDS.

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 3-hydroxy benzylidyne trifluoride(3HBT) have been recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm-1 and 3500–50 cm-1 respectively. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies in the ground state are calculated using the B3LYP method with 6-311+G(d, p) and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets. The computed values of frequencies are scaled using a suitable scale factor to yield good coherence with the observed values. Most of the modes have wave numbers in the expected range. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. NBO analysis has been performed in order to elucidate charge transfers or conjugative interaction, the intra-molecule hybridization and delocalization of electron density within the molecule. The total energy distribution (TED) has also been calculated for each mode of the vibration of the molecule. Key words : FTIR, FT Raman, 3HBT, DFT, HOMO-LUMO, NBO.

The purpose of this study was to investigation into the role of the storytelling on Social Skills in preschoolers. The study adopted the quasi-experimental method, and performed the pretest-posttest and follow-up test model without a control group. The sample size included 15 children that were selected by random sampling in three preschooler centers in the Ghasre Shirin city in Iran. we used the teacher form of SSRS (SSRS-T) includes three social skills subscales: Cooperation, Assertion, and Self-Control. .Experimental design for a month, and was performed and lasted for 12 sessions on the experimental group. After a week the Social Skills posttest and after 3 month the follow-up test were administrated on the subjects. The obtained data were analysed using the Descriptive Statistics and T-Test, showed that the difference between pretest, posttest and follow-up test in the experimental group, and creative storytelling as a new intervention , which that was used for the first time in Iran, enhanced social skills and its subscales: (Cooperation, Assertion, and Self-Control). The results showed effectivity and using of storytelling in the developing process social skills, and showed the effect storytelling, remained stable in the three-month follow-up.

Ocular complications are common manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients. Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV-R) and Herpes zoster opthalmicus are the two most common ocular complications. With the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), CMV-R has declined considerably in the western world, but it is still possesses a major challenge in developing countries with significant ocular morbidity. CMV-R usually involves anterior segment and retina, manifesting as confluent retinal necrosis with haemorrhage, granular lesion, and frosted branch angiitis. The clinical picture of HIV-associated eye disease has changed dramatically since the introduction of HAART. It can lead to severe complications at times like rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and vision loss. Management of CMV Retinitis is more challenging and continuously evolving with time. Currently available effective anti-CMV pharmacological agents include injectable ganciclovir, its prodrug valganciclovir, and foscarnet. Surgical management of the complications include various approaches like pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas or high viscosity silicone oil tamponad, scleral buckling and laser photocoagulation. Because of the varied clinical presentation and difficult course, CMV-R has established itself as the major determinant of visual morbidity in HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore with the introduction of newer screening methods and routine ocular examination in high risk groups, we can significantly reduce the burden of disease, severe ocular complications and ocular morbidity.