Archives-August 2014

In this project we will using three type of tools ,straight cylindrical , taper cylindrical and triangular tool all made of High speed steel (Wc-Co) for the friction stir welding (FSW) aluminum alloy H20 –H20 and test the mechanical properties of the welded joint by tensile test and vicker hardness test. Finally we will compare mentioned mechanical properties and make conclusion. The result will help welding parameter optimization in different type of friction stir process. Like rotational speed ,depth of welding ,travel speed ,type of material ,type of joint, work piece dimension ,joint dimension ,tool material and tool geometry .previous investigations in different types of materials work pieces ,joint type, machining parameter and preheating temperature take placed. in this investigation 3 mentioned tool types that are popular in FSW tested and the results will complete other aspects of the process .hope this paper open a new horizon in experimental investigation of mechanical properties of friction stir welded joint with other different type of tools like oval shape probe, paddle shape probe ,three flat sided probe, and three sided re-entrant probe also other materials and alloys like titanium or steel in near future.

Automated extraction of popular news from the freely accessible news corpora is becoming important in today’s internet world. Because of the availability of large volumes of news wire sources, it is hectic for the human beings to search and decide whether it is popular or not. This necessitates a tool which should extract hot news in a period of time. Term weighting is a useful technique which extracts salient features from the text documents. Though, there exist different tools based on different term weighting algorithms, these are inaccurate in the extraction of hot news. In this paper, a new feature extraction algorithm for long running events based on frequency, position, scattering and topicality is proposed. Experimentation has been done on different retrospective news wire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is suitable for extracting hot news.

The adsorption and inhibition of Aluminium corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using different concentrations of extracts of Baissea axillaris was investigated at 303 and 323K using weight loss technique. Weight loss and corrosion rate increased with increase in temperature both for the free acid and inhibited solutions, with marked reluctance to increase in both observable in for the presence of the extracts, varying with the extract concentration. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the extract. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 86.3% was obtained for 10 µg/L extract but decreased to 68.4 % on increasing the temperature from 303 K to 323 K. The adsorption was best described by the Temkin and Langmuir adsorption isotherm from where negative Gibbs free energy change was obtained indicating spontaneous adsorption while negative heat of adsorption was obtained indicating exothermicity. Activation Energy was deduced from the Arrhenius equation while thermodynamic approach yielded the heat of adsorption.

In this paper, we propose to integrate Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), Genetic algorithm (GA) and Gantt chart (GC) for scheduling a construction project. Here, earliest start (ES) and earliest finish (EF) times of the activities are considered. Then, the parents, which depend on ES and EF, are selected from the uniform distribution. Crossover and mutation are implemented on the offspring for a better solution. The fitness, which represents the total cost, is computed. As a result, the finishing time and the cost expended for the project are minimized. In conclusion, the efficiency of the approach proposed is shown.

The elevation of the cytoplasmic calcium concentration is a central step in many intracellular signal transduction pathways. It is also observed in various systems that calcium signals can also mediate intracellular communication by eliciting and coordinating calcium signals in surrounding cells, for example, in the liver and the astrocytes network of the central nervous system. In view of above mathematical model of calcium signaling process in the presence of excess buffer has been developed for a one dimensional unsteady state case. This model incorporates important physical and physiological parameters like dissociation rate, diffusion rate, total buffer concentration and influx. The finite difference method has been employed to predict [Ca2+] and buffer concentration time course regardless of the calcium influx. The comparative study of the effect of the excess buffered diffusion and kinetic parameters of the model on the concentration time course have been performed.

A seismological investigation for earthquake hazard in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area was undertaken. The research was aimed at employing a mathematical model to estimate the seismic stress for the study area by generating a complete, unified and harmonized earthquake catalogue spanning 1615 to 2012. Seismic events were sourced from Amponsah, P., Leydecker, G. and Muff R. (2012) based on Ambraseys and Adams, (1986), Geological Survey Department (GSD), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s National Data Center (NDC), National Earthquake Information Service (NEIS), United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the International Seismological Centre (ISC).The least square estimation method and the maximum likelihood estimation method were employed to evaluate b-values of 0.6 and 0.9 respectively for the study area. A thematic map of epicentral intensity was developed to help relate the distribution of events with respect to the virtually fractured, jointed and sheared geology of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). The results obtained are indicative of the fact that the stress level of GAMA has a telling effect on its seismicity and also the events are prevalent at fractured, jointed and sheared zones of weakness.

Aim of this article, classification statistical and power characteristics of the command brain motor with different structures of powerful perceptron neural network Combined with Levenberg Marquardt algorithm and evaluating the best structure to separate these signals. Detection of motor steering signals in the brain is an important classification issue. The discrete wavelet transform to extract features and investigate of the scale-frequency electroencephalogram signals are used. Results show perceptron network with two hidden layers and twelve neurons with linear output transfer function at best 92% and then the multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer and transfer function tangent sigmoid 86% have ability to separate.

Frequent and abrupt movements affect stock market movements adversely and results it in a highly volatile stock market. Hub of this study is to determine the relationship that exists between stock market volatility and macroeconomic variable concerning price level. Inflation rate, gold, oil and producer prices have been selected as macroeconomic variables concerning price level whereas volatility in KSE-100 Index served as dependent variable of the study. It is based on 144 monthly observations of the selected variables for a period of eleven years from 2002-2013. Multiple regression analysis is applied based on Ordinary Least Square. Findings revealed that statistically there exists a significant relationship between index volatility and selected macroeconomic variables. Movements in oil prices affect capital market movements positively whereas negative impact of inflation rate, gold and producer prices is revealed on index volatility. It is concluded that movements in these variables can help in predicting capital market volatility.

The impact caused by microfinance on growth of the economy has always been a debatable issue. Ample researches have been conducted to determine whether it helps poor masses to get out of the poverty trap or it further deteriorates the financial position of the masses at individual level and the economy in aggregate. It is quite surprising that the results and findings of these researches vary. This study is aimed at excogitating whether microfinance actually proves to be a blessing or is an additional burden for the poor. It is a conceptual study based on meta-analysis. Existing literature based on studies conducted by researchers, analysts, scholars, institutions and policy makers around the world has been reviewed to determine the impact of microfinance and to conclude whether it is a burden or a blessing. Six different aspects through which the growth of the economy can be measured have been taken into consideration. These include women empowerment, SME/entrepreneurs, rural transportation, poverty alleviation, health and education. Findings indicate that overall microfinance proves to be a blessing for the users but it poses certain challenges that hamper its performance up to the desired optimal level. Policy makers in this regard should play a positive role in formulating a clear roadmap and designing strategies for microfinance.

Since modern society changes rapidly, styles of interpersonal communication changes as well. Of all, mobile phone plays a significant role in everyone’s daily life, becoming as the most popular communication tool. This study explored the use of mobile phones and its impact on interpersonal relationship among youth in Lahore. The study used the theoretical frameworks of “uses and gratifications” approach from media studies. The main objective of the study was to examine the overall impact of mobile phone and determine the role mobile phones are playing in effecting interpersonal relationship and gender differences. Data was collected through survey comprised 50 young adults (ageing 16 to 30 years) in Lahore. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that there is strong relationship between mobile phone usage and interpersonal relationship. Continuous use of mobile phone negatively effect on youth and distort the relationship with their families and close friends. Study found that there were gender differences in the use of cell phones by young people. Further, males use more cell phone rather than the females.