Archives-April 2013

Microchip drug delivery system is the most wonderful system of delivering the drug for a great span of time without the intervention of the patient to whom it is fixed. it consists of varied number of sockets containing drug (generally ranging from 50-300) which release the drug at the fixed intervals each at a time. Microchips has developed its core technology for drug delivery by hermetically sealing small quantities of drug in the microreservoirs, and releasing that drug on schedule or demand. In drug delivery, there are several fundamental challenges: Long-term storage and protection of the compound, Appropriate delivery (i.e., timing and pharmacokinetics), Release of precise amounts of a compound at desired interval Compliance to prescribed therapy. A microchip system has the ability to store a large number of drugs or chemicals, control the time at which release begins, and control the rate at which the chemicals are released. Drug delivery device is capable of controlled, pulsatile or continuous release of a wide variety of drugs that can be safely implanted inside the body. The microchip could be integrated with a tiny power supply and controlled by a microprocessor, remote control , or biosensors.

Exposure to natural sources of radiation, especially 222Rn and its short-lived daughter products has become an important issue throughout the world because sustained exposure of humans to indoor radon may cause lung cancer. Therefore, indoor radon concentration levels have been measured inside 8 government hospitals in three main regions (Erbil, Duhok and Sulaymaniya) in Iraqi Kurdistan region during summer season by using CR-39 nuclear track detector. The CR-39 detectors were placed in the all hospitals for three floors (ground, first and second). The highest average radon concentration value and annual effective dose was found to be in the Shaheed Dr.Aso hospital in Sulaymaniya city (52.89±3.52 Bq.m-3 , 1.37±0.09 mSv/y ) respectively and the lowest was found in the Erbil Teaching hospital in Erbil city (30.15±2.85 Bq.m-3 , 0.81 mSv/y) respectively, This depended on the geological formation , type of building material, and the floor level. Therefore, the results showed that the average radon concentration and annual effective dose decreases gradually as the floor level increases The highest and lowest of annual effective dose was found in ground and second floor, respectively. Thus, according to the annual exposure dose data, the workers are safety in most of the hospitals.

This paper motivated by an interdisciplinary research work approach integrating multi-sensory cognitive learning theory with interesting issue of tutoring quality improvement. It is worthy to note that adopted approach has been inspired by analysis and evaluation of phonics methodology applied in teaching children "how to read?". Herein, quantitative evaluation of this issue performed by considering two computer aided learning (CAL) packages concerned with a specific mathematical topic namely long division process. Via realistic modeling of packages using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) based upon associative memory learning paradigm. In more details, at educational field practice ; both CAL packages have been applied for teaching children algorithmic steps performing long division processes. Moreover, learning performance evaluation of presented packages considers children outcomes' achievement after tutoring for suggested Mathematical Topic either with or without associated tutor's voice. Interestingly, statistical analysis of obtained educational case study results at children classrooms (for both applied packages) versus classical tutoring proved to be in well agreement with obtained after ANNs computer simulation results.

This research discusses the English listening comprehension problems of university international students from China. The research used a qualitative method to collect data from three China’s students taking English Listening Comprehension (ELC) in University Sains Malaysian (USM). This study is a research report related to the problems encounter by China’s students in ELC learning. Interview was conducted to investigate students’ perspective through the main question concerning the problems from the China’s students in their ELC self-learning process in three steps, which is the pre-listening, while-listening and post-listening. Findings from this study indicated that the main problem faced by the China’s students was the lack of prior knowledge in English vocabulary, this inhibit their understanding in the listening process. Moreover, the differences in the ascent of the native speakers prohibit the proper understanding of the listening content, the short span of concentration, and the learning habit of China’s students were discussed as the problems of the ELC learning. This enhances the data availability and the interpretative analysis. In order to validate the data and the analysis, researcher experiences and documents analysis were conducted. This research laid a good foundation for further research; it provided useful information concerning the effective strategies to enhance students’ listening skills and will improve the instruction of English listening class to achieve the win-win situation.

Branding plays a pivotal role for the success of any Industry. There are certain factors which are vital for effective Branding Strategies. To dig out these factors is the crying need for the survival and success of any industry. The study has been conducted to explore the factors which influence effective branding strategies for the success of Pakistan Apparel industry. I decided to use a questionnaire survey because it is a prevailing method used vastly by social science, management, and marketing researchers. For this study 300 questionnaires were sent to different respondents out of which 261 I received. As fewer professional & staff of Apparel industry has been selected so the results will be inferred based on the respondents of these companies while all other organizations of this industry were not included in the study and since we don’t have government organizations for this industry so government organizations perspective not included in this study. Considering the importance of branding in Apparel Industry of Pakistan, marketing professionals have to understand the factors which influence branding in the Apparel Industry of Pakistan which ultimately not only give fruit full long term successful results for the textile industry, organizations, to the economy but also gives recognition to Pakistani textile products in the international & local Market. The relevant literature will show the factors which influence branding strategies for the long term success of Apparel Industry of Pakistan. This topic is under researched so, the current investigation will contribute to improve the understanding on significant issues.

Sensitivity to environmental issues shifts consumer behavior towards supporting the growth and diffusion of green marketing and environmental conscious consumer behavior including consumer preference for greener technology, increase in demand for greener products and greater acceptance of green packaging. Consumers do express strong concerns for the environment, but their attitudes are often not reflected in consumption practices and these attitudes need to be explicitly studied. Results indicate that young consumers concern on green packaging product through the elements of reuse, reduce, recycle and refill. The elements of reuse and refill come most due to economic reasons. This finding emphasizes that the increasing importance environmental dimension in product packaging which consist of ethics, behaviors and attitudes can be blended together with economic advantage. We also propose that the attention in environmental consumer research should be shifted from general attitude studies towards the study of actual product choices and benefits to customers.

Individual differences, attitude toward cultural perspectives of the target language community being its most significant aspect, are assumed to play a crucial role in the development of pragmatic competence. To investigate this issue, this study attempted to assess the relationship between integrative attitude and pragmatic comprehension. A multiple choice pragmatic listening test and a Likert-scaled attitude questionnaire were used to collect data from 63 undergraduate students of Teaching English as a Foreign Language at three universities in Iran. The findings suggested that integrative attitude has a significant effect on pragmatic comprehension. Therefore, it was recommended to complement classroom instructions with popular cultural perspectives of the target language community.

Ecological industry is to realize the harmonious development between economy and environment by planning industrial systems according to material cycle in the natural ecological system. Industrial ecology competitiveness refers to the entire industry’s emphasis on the ecological environment and interaction and the idea of harmony and co-evolution in all aspects of industrial production and management With analogy analysis between natural and industrial ecosystems, the paper proposes some common comparability in structure, function and characters, and then this paper discusses some concepts and definitions related to the industrial ecology competitiveness, such as environment adaptation, industrial harmonious mutualism and resource productivity. The conclusion points out that industrial ecology system is the most effective sustainable and circular economy developing pattern.

This paper investigates a 2-D discrete time predator - prey interaction model. The equilibrium points are obtained and stability of the equilibrium points is analyzed. The phase portraits are obtained for different sets of parameter values. Also a bifurcation diagram is presented. Numerical simulations are performed and they exhibit rich dynamics of the discrete model.

The mechanical advantage of using composite is high strength to weight ratios which increases their capabilities for aerospace, structural and automobile applications. The epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) has gained mainstream acceptance to extend the useful life of highway structures. The volume fraction of reinforcement affects the overall strength a composite and the orientation of fibers in matrix plays a significant role in determining the debonding behavior. The present work focuses on the determination of compressive strength and debonding behavior of steel reinforced epoxy composite with different orientation angles of fibers. The results revealed that among different orientations of fibers, reinforcement at 0° angles shows maximum compressive strength and least debonding than 45° and 90° angle of reinforcement.