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We are very happy to announce that from 15th August 2012, Ms. Nadia Asghar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Economics. Ms. Nadia Asghar is currently associated with Department of Economics, Preston University Islamabad. The appointment of Ms. Nadia Asghar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

An unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of static negatively charged dust fluid, nonthermal distributed electrons, and adiabatic ion fluid has been considered. Basic properties of the dust-ion-acoustic shock waves have been made by the reductive perturbation method to derive the Burgers’ equation for nonplanar geometry. The solution of modified Burgers’ equation in nonplanar geometry is numerically analyzed and it has been found that, the nonplanar geometry effects have a very vital role in the development of shock waves. We also discovered that; the inclusion of the nonthermal electron distribution significantly modifies the shock wave profile. The change of the DIASW structure due to the effect of ion temperature and dust density is studied.

Life Insurance is important for everyone to protect family incase of their demise the insured money will save their family. Our objective of this paper to find out the peak age of people interested to take insurance policy and when they mostly use the benefits in their policy period. It has been classified into six benefitst. To study this problem, they divided and defined four types of matrices. Now we use this model to study of the people interested to take insurance policy and when they mostly use the benefits in their policy period.

This paper investigates the development of Al6061/Si3N4 metal matrix composites using stir casting technique and optimize the process parameters in turning based on Genetic Algorithm. In this metal matrix composites Al 6061 alloy reinforced with 3% and 5% weight by volume of Si3N4 particles of mean diameter 75µm was used. Experiments were performed in the CNC lathe by using CNMG inserts at various cutting conditions and parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut and surface roughness was found at different levels. The optimization of machining parameters was done by using Genetic Algorithm.

Air conditioning system is highly required device for getting comfort to human being also in industry application. But this device is hungry of lager amount of electricity. The ever increasing energy requirement puts a great burden on the further economical development as India is poor in energy resources. How to reduce the energy consumption by using new energy saving technologies and equipment is an important task now days. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of Earth Heat Exchanger ( Heat Pipe) , Peltier Module with and without combination with vapour compression air conditioning system with return air. The results show that the coefficient of performance of the system can be improved and the energy required by the compressor can be reduced when Peltier Module and Earth Heat Exchanger is used before cooling coil and provide supplementary cooling air to evaporator coil. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that HVAC systems should be installed with Earth (heat pipe) heat exchangers and peltier module for dehumidification enhancement.

Hepatitis b surveillance among butchers was undertaken in Port Harcourt metropolis. The study population comprised 700 apparently healthy butchers, selling within the selected slaughter houses. The survey covered a period of 1year, from February, 2010 to January 2011.The exclusion criteria used included history of Hepatitis B immunization and professional duration less than one year. HBV infection was detected by assay of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), using Pitis immunochromatographic and Clinotech Diagnostic Immunochromatographic Strips. HBV Seroprevalence was 13.71% (butchers). In the sections, cattle butchers scored the highest seroprevalence (18%). In the categories, slab butchers had the highest seroprevalence (26.79%). The age brackets with the highest HBV seroprevalence (28.4%) and (22.32%) were respectively 42-52yrs (biological) and 22-28yrs (professional). and although these were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of their controls, there was no linear relationship between ages and seroprevalence. Seroprevalence significantly (p<0.05) associated with risk factors in connection with butchery than social and medico-activities among butchers while reverse was the case with non-butchers and more butchers.

We are very happy to announce that from 10th October 2012, Prof. Hassan M.H. Mustafa has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Artificial Neural Networks, Natural Inspired Computations , and their applications for modeling of Communication systems and evaluation of learning processes /phenomena. Prof. Hassan M.H. Mustafa is currently working with Associate Professor with Computer Engineering Department, Al-Baha University, K.S.A. The appointment of Prof. Hassan M.H. Mustafa as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 30th June 2012, Prof. Kumassah Eliot Kosi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Science. Prof. Kumassah Eliot Kosi is currently working at Department of Science, Jasikan College of Education, P.O Box 14, Jasikan, Volta Region, Ghana, West Africa. The appointment of Prof. Kumassah Eliot Kosi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Internet connections involve various security threats to computer networks and systems. Complexity of the threats and intrusions are ever-increasing so that development of flexible methods for ensuring security of computer systems has become a serious challenge ahead of computer experts. As an advantageous solution for development of intrusion detection systems, data mining is an effective technology to detect attempts for intrusions. The present paper is a try to optimize Apriori algorithm. To this end, data are divided equally between two systems and consequently considerable improvement in abnormal pattern is obtained. This study enables IDSs to detect intrusions faster and facilitates proper reactions.

English occupies a place of prestige in the whole world simply because it is the lingua franca. In Saudi Arabia, though it can never replace Arabic yet becoming popular in younger generation for educational/economic growth and development. The way English has been taught in most of Asia including the gulf region, is to a great extent responsible for the deterioration of the standard of English for various reasons. The issue of falling standards of English in KSA in particular in the past is very much due to the curricular aims and objectives of English language Education. The main cause for the students learning difficulties and poor achievement especially in speaking skill is that teachers themselves have a very limited exposure of reasons of difficulties and appropriate instructional strategies.