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Titles are multi-layered and functional in nature. In the recent years, the academic field of titrology has paid particular attention to the analysis of titles from different scopes, but research on the translation of titles has been very limited, especially in the context of Persian language. This study has addressed structural differences and generic peculiarities of book titles and investigates the translation methods adopted by Iranian translators. To this aim 180 English book titles and their translations were analyzed according to the methodology proposed by Nord (1995) and their translation strategy is categorized according to Vinay-Darbelnet's model of translation strategies. The results showed Iranian translators' preference of direct translation methods, while indirect strategies were applied where generic conventions and cultural differences imprinted structural and lexical shifts.

This study investigated the impact of relationship marketing orientation on customer loyalty among undergraduate students focusing on students in Ajayi crowther university Oyo, University of Ibadan and the Polytechnic, Ibadan. The study aimed at determining whether bonding, trust and communication jointly and independently predicted customer loyalty. The study also ascertained the significant difference between communication and perceived customer loyalty and it also examined the significant relationship between bonding and perceived customer loyalty. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using regression analyses, T-test, and Pearson correlation. The finding showed that the independent variables (bonding, trust, communication, satisfaction and commitment) jointly predicted perceived customer loyalty. The result also showed that there was a significant difference between bonding and perceived customer loyalty, It was also established that there was a significant relationship between trust and perceived customer loyalty. The study also indicated that there was a significant relationship between commitment and perceived customer loyalty. Based on the findings, it was recommended that there is a need for organizations especially banks to have a good relationship with their customers so as to sustain competitive advantage. In addition, that organizations should take cognizance of their organizational structure to attract and retain qualified customers that can contribute positively to bank performance. That training and development that are directed at building enduring customer relationship should be periodically given to all employees.

Currently the residential sector in India is growing more than 26% per annum. However the efficiency of construction sector in India is very low when compared to other countries. In order to assess the current situation of planning techniques used in residential project of India, a survey is carried out in the region of Pune city. The survey indicates that there is a vast difference in the planning techniques used by construction firms depending on their sizes. The small and medium size construction firms are reluctant in using the planning tools and the focus on planning in such companies is less.

Binomials – as a subcategory of collocation- consist of two words from the same category which are joined with a linguistic link. Like collocations, binomials are mostly language specific. Therefore getting familiar with binomials for any translator is an important task which is usually overlooked. As a result, they produced body of language which usually seems unnatural from viewpoint of target language audience. This study attempts to evaluate the naturalness of translated binomials in the genre of political speeches and to introduce procedures producing natural equivalence. The result showed that although the literal translation procedure proved to render natural translation in 54% of cases, the translators overused this procedure (86%) and overlooked the idiomatic nature of binomials and thus produced unnatural or binomials which does not sense in English. Therefore they fail to render the intended political effect.

The occurrence of pesticide residues in food matrices has become a necessity due to the toxicity and permanence of these xenobiotics. Translocation of pesticides in local and imported cabbage samples was investigated using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometer (GC/MS) procedures. Cabbage samples were fractionated with respect to distance from the skin to the core and prepared for analysis. Results showed that organochlorine, organophosphate and synthetic pyrethroid residues were translocated in cabbage samples analyzed. With respect to cabbage fractions, the outer pulp retained more of the residues than the pulp and the central core. On chemicals species, organochlorines were retained more in the outer pulp than the other fractions of the vegetable. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were restricted to the outer and inner pulp samples. All the chemical species identified were translocatable across the fractional parts of the vegetable with the exception of synthetic pyrethroid residues. There were significant differences in translocation and residue accumulation of pesticide among the fractional parts of the vegetable.

This paper examines the role of ICT in the development of the global labour market and its role in the free flow of labour across borders. It was discovered that ICT has not only contributed to the phenomenon of brain drain but it has also created avenues for repatriations of the gains accruable to the drain. Globalization and the internet has also made it possible for brains to be tapped at home without being drained from the local labour market through the processes of outsourcing and off-shoring of productive efforts by trans and multi-national organizations. Using scenario network mapping (SNM), the study tries to define possible alternative futures for this opportunity. It was discovered that training and equipping the local labour force with ICT and globally relevant skills can assist developing nations in deriving maximum benefit from the burgeoning global labour market.

This study focuses on the drug usage of drugs among the youth. Drug usage has become a major issue in the world as well as in Pakistan and needs to be controlled. Its consumption has become a trend among the youth, which is now more so than before. A systematic study was conducted, in which questions were devised according to the research project title. The results of this survey elaborate the effects of drugs on the youth, specifically in Pakistan. These questions are very integrated in support of each other. Every question opens a new window of findings to the research. All questions have been analyzed separately and in relation to one another in order to give a complete view of the data collected.

A numerical investigation of the vortex shedding past a circular cylinder in a two- dimensional channel of varying height is presented in the term of Strouhal number by solving continuity and momentum equations using FLUENT 6.3. The computational grid structure is generated by using Gambit. In this work, the result is carried out with blockage ratio b=0.83, 0.85, 0.88.

The structures such as windmills, which are remained from past to add to the knowledge and understandings of the today and future generations, are the indicators of creativity of our ancestors and ancient people. Windmills, dating back to 2800 years ago, are among the oldest examples of using the power of nature by human beings. In Netherland and other European countries, some windmills which are similar to Iranian windmills have been found. Some believe that the art of windmill building has been transferred from Iran to the European countries during the Crusade. Because of blowing a type of wind called 120-day wind in Iran, people of Sistan Province made several attempts to exploit the power of this wind. As a result, they invented the Windmills, which are considered as one of the most important inventions of human, to both control and take advantage of the wind power. The earliest windmills had vertical sails and dated back to the seventh century AD. They had six to twelve sails which were covered by cloth or the leaves of date tree. The main function of these mills were milling or drenching the grains.The present study is of descriptive-analytical type. Data gathering was done in library and fieldwork method. To this end, the Lutak, Neshtifan, and Nehbandan mills, located in Sistan Province, were studied. Following the study of the mill history of Sistan Province and southeast of Iran, the quotations from foreign tourists as well as the stand and the function of the mills in Iran’s architecture were investigated. It is noteworthy that the functional elements of the mills are designed according to the aerodynamics rules. This fact suggests that the builders of these mills were cognizant of the capacity and behavior of the wind to satisfy the daily needs of people. It also is a proof for the updated technology of people of that era and the reason for the continuity and uniqueness of these mills throughout the centuries. We can conclude that the mills are the indicators of our antecedents’ good command of how to construct such useful structures. Recognizing such unique patterns can guide us to build comfortable environment to live and to dwell in harmony with the existing organized arrangement of nature. Thus, the current study is conducted by getting help from the tourists’ reminiscences, the scientific books which are left from that era, and the native people of the lands.

Literature has always been employed as a source for voicing trepidations and reconnoitering social productions, issues, malfunctioning and identities. It has allowed writers to give vent to their shared experiences while crafting novel and imaginative worlds which can be deduced by observers in numerous ways. Language, the main ingredient of literature, is acknowledged as a social stimulus and also a stimulus of social progress that has trailed its way for unknown ages, which is above all capricious and subjective dictums and existed unbridled by fiat or decree. The capacity and possibility of infinite influence, which language can hold, is marked in the narrative of the text itself. Within the novel of Roy “The God of Small Things” power and force of language is used in order to express multiple social identities and social mal-behaviors. Language, as a device for understanding and structuring social rationalities and social transgressions, plays a dynamic role in the creation and establishment of the untouchables’ place in Indian society in Roy’s novel. This will be illustrated by looking at how language offers voice to those who have once been silenced in a given social mosaic. In order to provide a base for a better comprehension of the role of language within the novel under consideration, Lecercle’s ideas about the force of language are very helpful.