Archives- 

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) have been highly vulnerable to attacks due to the dynamic nature of its network infrastructure. Among these attacks, routing attacks have received considerable attention since it could cause the most devastating damage to MANET. Even though there exist several intrusion response techniques to mitigate such critical attacks, existing solutions typically attempt to isolate malicious nodes based on binary or na?ve fuzzy response decisions. However, binary responses may result in the unexpected network partition, causing additional damages to the network infrastructure, and na?ve fuzzy responses could lead to uncertainty in countering routing attacks in MANET. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware response mechanism to systematically cope with the identified routing attacks. Our risk-aware approach is based on an extended Dempster-Shafer mathematical theory of evidence introducing a notion of importance factors. In addition, our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with the consideration of several performance metrics.

The blood parameters like red blood cell count, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were estimated in Cyprinus carpio exposed to1/10^th (8.64ug/L) and 1/15^th(5.67ug/L)of lethal concentrations of monocrotophos for 5.10, 20, 1nd 30 days. The results showed alterations indicating the pesticide effect being severe as RBC count decreased, WBC count increased, Hb decreased, PCV increased, MCV, MCH and MCHC appeared decreased.

Specimens of fish Cyprinus carpio were exposed to pH 5.0, pH4.5 and pH4.0 for a period of 28 days. In pH 5.0 and pH4.5 the fish survived for 30 days. While in pH 4.0 the fish survived only for 16 days. During the above treatment biochemical parameter such as plasma cholesterol and Plasma glucose level was observed an interval of 7 days of the total exposure period. Acid treated fish exhibits a significant increase in the plasma cholesterol levels and Plasma glucose level. The observed biochemical parameter may be used as non-specific biomarker in the field of toxicology.

Data compression is a common requirement for most of the computerized applications. There are many number of unsecured data compression algorithms, which are dedicated to compress different unsecured data formats. Even for a single data type there are number of different compression algorithms, which use different approaches. In this research, we propose a simple and efficient data compression algorithm particularly suited to be used on available commercial basis using secured manner. Our intention is transmitting text data in secured as well as compressed in the open environment. It is using double compression technique based on Huffman coding algorithm and simple symmetric key algorithm. Experiment itself evaluates the performance of new secured data compression algorithm with other data compression algorithm.

Ayurveda has two main aims one is to maintain health and the second is to cure disease. The branch of rasayana or rejuvenation is one of the eight specialized branches of Ayurveda that primarily deals with the maintenance of health. Rasayana is defined as any herb, food, or activity which confers youthfulness and cures diseases. If taken in a proper way, the rasayana prevents early aging and keeps you young and active both physically and mentally. Rasayana is a special type of treatment containing various methods of rejuvenation. It derives from 'Rasa' and 'Ayana.' The literal meaning of Rasa is the essence of something. Anything ingested into the body in the form of food or medicine is first resynthesized into Rasa Dhatu, the basic plasma tissue. Ayana is the method by which Rasa is carried to all the body tissues for biochemical metamorphosis (Rasakriya). The concept of Rasayana is based on these two principles of conservation and transmutation of energy. Rasayana therapy strives to improve physical, mental and moral Qualities. It prevents old age, restores youthfulness, improves the complexion and the voice, increases physical strength and immunity. It strengthens memory and intelligence, gives happiness to oneself, and a life which is beneficial to others.

This study was conducted to understand the potential of medicinal herbs, Andrographis paniculata, Cissus quadrangularis and Eclipta alba on growth promotion, utilization of energy, induction in activities of digestive enzymes, concentrations biochemical constituents and non-enzymatic antioxidants of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. These herbs were incorporated with basal diets at three different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) individually and fed to the post larval (PL) of M. rosenbergii (1.83±0.50 cm; 0.14± 0.02 g) for a period of 90 days in a triplicate experimental set-up. A significantly improved survival and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor), elevation in energy utilization, increased activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase), concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin-C and vitamin-E) were recorded (P<0.05) in C. quadrangularis incorporated feed fed PL (5%>3%>1%), followed by E. alba (5%>3%>1%) and A. paniculata (3%>5%>1%) when compared with control diet (without incorporation of any herb) fed PL. Twelve polypeptide bands of molecular weight between 116-14 were recorded in the muscle of PL fed with control as well as the best concentration of each herb incorporated feeds. The intensity of 50, 48, and 46 kDa regions was found to be stained more in C. quadrangularis incorporated feed fed PL when compared with control feed as well as E. alba and A. paniculata incorporated feeds fed PL. In this study, the overall results indicated the fact that these herbs enhanced the secretion of digestive enzymes, act as appetizer, which facilitate efficient digestion, absorption of nutrients and favour general metabolism, which in turn ultimately improved the general health and produced better survival and growth of M. rosenbergii PL. Therefore, it is suggested that these herbs have the characteristic ability to promote growth in M. rosenbergii. The aquaculture potential of these herbs needs further study based on their active principles.

Knowledge management in the modern era is making dramatic changes in management issues. Knowledge management is looking to capture the knowledge, wisdom and experience with the added value of staff, and the implementation and maintenance of retrieval knowledge as an asset of the organization. The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and Organizational justice. The research method used in this study is descriptive and correlational; the population of the study comprised all Government agencies Kermanshah city in this study, a sample size of 660, which finally, 104 questionnaires were collected. The sample size calculation is using Morgan, and according to the characteristics of the population, use was stratified random sampling. The instrument used in this study includes Knowledge Management and organizational justice Questionnaire, which is paid to the data collection in this research. This analysis is based on descriptive analysis and from survey branch. Information gathering means is questionnaire, and in order to organizational justice analysis Chester and Ted (2007) 20 scores questionnaire is used and for knowledge management evaluation is the 21 questions questionnaire of Proset et al. For determining acquired data Kolmogorov -Simonov test is used and results confirm data normality. Used test in this analysis are correlation spearman test, and Friedman test and with using related test confirmed research propositions; results shows that in the aim community with improving organizational justice and knowledge management in staffs is increased too, line-regression results between organizational justice and knowledge management shows that between inter knowledge management as a independent variable and organizational justice there is linearity relationship.

An available gas fired diffusion-absorption heat pump 150 liter (5ft) refrigerator has been modified by substituting the original heat input by transferring solar thermal energy from solar collector to the generator. At the beginning, a pipe with 90cm height, filled with hot water (97oC) is used as a generator heat input but the Ammonia vapor does not generate because the temperature is low to allow Ammonia-Water mixture to boil. Therefore the Water is replaced by high boiling point fluid (liquid paraffin wax), boiling point 310°C), and the generator with pipe with 30cm height and 5cm in diameter. Then Ammonia vapor generates at fluid temperature of 140oC up to 190oC where the pipe near the condenser becomes hot. This mean that the Ammonia vapor generate up to the condenser. The flow rate required to supply heat input to generator, the solar collector receiver area and the volume of hot fluid storage required to operate the refrigerator for 24 hours has been calculated.

Major ions as well as pH and conductivity were analysed in about 52 rainwater samples collected daily from the rain station of GhanaAtomic Energy Commission for a period of April, 2009- June, 2010. Results for the major cations analyses indicate a trend of K⁺>Na⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺ and the major anions show a trend of HCO₃^->Cl^->SO₄^2->NO₃^-.The values of pH range from 4.62-8.64 and conductivity from 5.74-1274µS/cm.Contribution to the acidity of rain in this area is mostly by SO₄^2- instead of NO₃^- due to the reason that the study area lies in the Accra Plains which is a highly industrialized area. Ratios of mean annual concentrations of major ions (Cl^-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-) to Na⁺ in the rainwater samples were higher in comparison to   sea water. This suggests that there are other sources of these ions apart from the sea. High concentrations of most of the elements were recorded in months with smaller amounts of rainfall and so it was concluded that continuous rainfall may have washed away so many of the elements suspended in the atmosphere.

The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system. Also, this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from DG energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy.The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the connected load. In order to utilization distributed generation (DG) unit interfacing converters to actively compensate harmonics, this paper proposes an enhanced current control approach, which seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function. As the proposed current controller has two well- decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Moreover, a closed-loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase-locked loops (PLL). The proposed power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activated hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature in the case of solar. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the operating principle, feasibility and reliability of this proposed system.