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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) mobile node is responsible for route establishment using wireless link where each node may behave like both as a host and router. MANET encounters number of security threats because of its open entrusted environment, with little security arrangement, security over MANET can be enhance up to some satisfactory level because of its inherent characteristics. Among some of the prominent security threats wormhole attack is considered to be a very serious security threat over MANET. In wormhole two selfish node which is geographically very far away to each other makes tunnel between each other to hide their actual location and give the illusion that they are true neighbours and attract other nodes to make conversation through the wormhole tunnel. Many researchers focused on detecting wormhole attack and its prevention mechanism. It seems that in the previous technique there is a need to improve their results in the brink of false negative rate, routing overhead etc. The present paper has proposed the hybrid model in order to detect and prevent the wormhole attack. This approach has been work with neighbour node and hop count method.

There is a decline in the intake of fruit and vegetables and the diets have shifted toward more sugars and fats, due to urbanization. Vegetables being a rich source of soluble and insoluble fibres can be incorporated in various food products to improve the functional properties of these products. Bakery products are consumed by a wide range of population and hence bakery products, such as bread,biscuits, rusks and cookies serve as a vehicle for the incorporation of functional foods and dietary fibre. Vegetables such as broad beans, cluster beans and French beans rich in dietary fibre were selected and processed to prepare dry powder.This powder was incorporated in the bakery product rusk at 10%,20%,and 30%, level to the standard rusk recipe. The rusks were prepared separately using broad beans, cluster beans and French beans powder. The rusk biscuits were then organoleptically evaluated for the acceptability. Nutrient analysis were carried out for the standard and the fibre incorporated rusk that were selected after sensory evaluation. The glycemic index of the formulated rusk was determined to check if the fibre incorporated, reduced the glycemic load of the rusk. The study revealed that 10 percent level of incorporation of the different vegetable powders was found to be acceptable. The crude and dietary fibre content increased in the formulated rusk. The glycemic index of the beans powder incorporated rusk was less when compared with the standard rusk.

Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done for yield and its component characters in twenty two diverse genotypes of rape seed. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was recorded for seed yield per plant (31.33%) followed by siliqua per plant (20.07%). Heritability estimates in broad sense were higher for the characters days to maturity (83.92%), days to flowering (72.49%) and thousand seed weight (68.13%). Days to maturity, days to flowering, thousand seed weight and length of siliqua had high heritability along with low genetic advance suggests non-additive gene action was observed controlling these characters. Correlation coefficient of days to flowering (0.406*), primary branches per plant (0.514**), length of siliqua (0.548**), siliqua per plant (0.864**), seeds per siliqua (0.335*) was positive and significantly associated with seed yield per plant at genotypic level. Primary branches per plant (1.588), days to maturity (0.185), length of siliqua (0.740), siliqua per plant (0.569) and thousand seed weight (0.590) showed positive direct effect on seed yield. Selection based on these traits would give better response for the improvement of seed yield in rapes. The results of this study are expected as the basic information on genetic variation and relationship of component traits which can be used in rape seed breeding.

Current anticancer drug development strategies involve identifying novel molecular targets which are crucial for tumourigenesis. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein (HSP) 90 is of interest as an anticancer drug target because of its importance in maintaining the conformation, stability and function of key oncogenic client proteins involved in signal transduction pathways leading to proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, as well as other features of the malignant phenotype such as invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. HSP90 inhibitors geldanamycin, geldanamycin derivatives and radicicol exert their antitumour effect by inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90, resulting inactivation, destabilization and degradation of HSP90 client proteins. HSP90 is new therapeutic target attack on all of the hallmark traits of cancer such as self – sufficiency in growth signals, evading apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, limitless replictive potential, tissue invasion, insensitivity to anti-growth signals. Clinical activity has been seen with 17-AAG in breast and prostate cancer. Hsp90 inhibitors have entered Phase II and III clinical trials, and have shown therapeutic activity in several types of cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the instructional practices used among teachers and students in teaching Citizenship Education through History and Government at the secondary school level. The study adopted qualitative research with a multiple case study design. Data was collected using Observation schedules, interview schedule and focus group discussion guide. Data was analyzed using grounded theory and constant comparative technique. The finding of the study revealed the domination of classroom activities over outdoor activities. The study recommends for a curriculum review to introduce competence learning that will enhance the use of both classroom and outdoor activities.

Cadmium zinc sulfide (CdZnS) thin film was deposited on transparent conduction Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate by a cost effective chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Commercially purchased ITO coated glass substrate with sheet resistance 8 ?/cm2 was utilized for the deposition of CdZnS thin film under optimized chemical bath conditions. Surface texture of the fabricated CdZnS thin film was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The optical absorption and transmittance properties of the fabricated CdZnS thin film was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 300 to 1100 nm. The investigated surface and optical properties of the fabricated CdZnS thin film towards optical applications are presented and discussed.

Judicial Reforms need to take place in an integrated manner and important because the public has lost faith in the system. The police, prosecution, lawyers and courts, must be thought of as being cohesive and everyone is concerned about the large delays in disposal of cases, and the agenda for judicial reforms must first tackle the problem of this backlog. Law Commission Reports and formation of tribunals to take away some of the workload of High Courts, but still, High Courts are burdened with a large number of cases. Increasing the manpower in judiciary is the need of the hour. Also, the problem faced by the judiciary can be solved, it is an urgent need for improvements in the physical infrastructure available to the judiciary, the state of legal education as well as Continuing Legal Education (CLE) in India and last but not the least, the continuing debate about judicial accountability.

Students’ satisfaction has become an essence of success in today’s highly competitive world. In service industry specifically the education industry, communication is vital to determine students’ satisfaction. Past researches indicated that, most meaning of conversational messages comes from non-verbal communication. Evaluation on students’ perception on lecturers’ kinesics that would lead to their satisfaction to the services provided was examined. The results of the study illustrate that kinesics that is also known as body movements was shown to have the most impact on students’ satisfaction. Therefore, from this study, it can be inferred that students’ in Malaysian universities are mostly observant on the body movements used, facial expression and postures and gestures of the body of their lecturers when lectures are delivered to them. The present study caters for a wide spectrum of students and development professionals, especially those who are interested in non-verbal communication specifically kinesics-related issues. It is highly hoped that the information gleaned from the present study may assist all service employees specifically in understanding better, the importance of kinesics and its effects on students’ satisfaction.

Docetaxel stabilizes microtubules while inhibits mitotic spindle formation. It has been found to be effective in treating several solid cancers. The aim of this study was to in cooperate docetaxel in conventional and Chitosan coated liposomes, and to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of different formulations on MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines. MTT assay was used to determine the growth inhibition of the cell line by docetaxel. A significant dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation was found after the cells were exposured to certain liposomal docetaxel preparations, suggesting the possible use of liposomes as effective docetaxel delivery devices.

Offshore wind and tidal current are of the most common energy resources for generating electricity in the near future because of the oil problems (crises and pollution). The dynamic model of the offshore wind and tidal current are very important topic for dealing with these renewable energies. This paper describes the overall dynamic models of tidal current turbine using three different types of generators (doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (DDPMSG)). The state space for all types of the generators of these two types of turbines are concluded. All models are validated using a common property of the generator for the validation.