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Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a bone mineral density of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young, healthy adults) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and calcium metabolism plays a very important role in such bone diseases. Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, this article highlights majorly on the calcium metabolism and its effects on our health.

Frequent and abrupt movements affect stock market movements adversely and results it in a highly volatile stock market. Hub of this study is to determine the relationship that exists between stock market volatility and macroeconomic variable concerning price level. Inflation rate, gold, oil and producer prices have been selected as macroeconomic variables concerning price level whereas volatility in KSE-100 Index served as dependent variable of the study. It is based on 144 monthly observations of the selected variables for a period of eleven years from 2002-2013. Multiple regression analysis is applied based on Ordinary Least Square. Findings revealed that statistically there exists a significant relationship between index volatility and selected macroeconomic variables. Movements in oil prices affect capital market movements positively whereas negative impact of inflation rate, gold and producer prices is revealed on index volatility. It is concluded that movements in these variables can help in predicting capital market volatility.

This study aimed to compare the effect of balance training methods including core stability, plyometrics and their combination on static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. To this end, a number of 60 female futsal players from Shahrekord city were selected as the participants using purposive sampling method. Then the subjects were randomly assigned into four groups each with 15 members including three experimental groups (core stability training (N=15), plyometric training (N=15) and combination training (N=15)) and a control group (N=15). Height, weight and leg length were measured in the subjects. In the pretest, the subjects performed Stork Test and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to examine their static and dynamic balance performance, respectively. Based on the training protocol, the experimental groups did 8 weeks of their assigned exercise training. The training sessions were held three times a week and 45 minutes per session. The control subjects performed their routine trainings. After eight weeks, all variables were measured in the four groups again. Paired t test was run for within-group comparison, and one-way ANOVA was used for between-group comparison. The results showed that combination training group achieved the best performance in both static and dynamic balance comparing with other groups. Based on the present findings, it can be concluded that a combination of core stability and plyometric exercises may improve static and dynamic balance in female futsal players. Thus, it is recommended that these exercises be included in training programs for futsal players.

Multi-hop Wireless Networks (MHWNs) are anticipated to play an important role at the edge of the Internet, enabling a large number of innovative applications. The great demand for capacity from a large number of users and applications, coupled with the sparse bandwidth available on the wireless channel, place particular emphasis on effective congestion management approaches. Effective and well-studied algorithms for congestion control at the transport layer exist in wired networks. However, for a number of reasons, these approaches do not translate directly to wireless environments. In this chapter, we first describe the problem of congestion control in MHWNs, and discuss approaches for solving it. The presentation is organized into two components: (1) a review of the causes of congestion and algorithms for congestion avoidance in MHWNs at different layers of protocol stack; and (2) a review of analytical models for the rate control problem and their use for congestion control.

In this paper a power and area efficient design of 32:1 tree type multiplexer has been designed by hybridizing GDI and PTL techniques. Multiplexer circuit using this technique consumes less power in comparison to the CMOS, TG and other logic design techniques. The proposed design consists of 63 NMOS and 31 PMOS. At 1.2 V power supply the proposed MUX design consumes 47.093 ?W power on BSIM-4 and 47.09 ?W power on LEVEL-3 with simulation length of 5n. The proposed multiplexer is designed and simulated using DSCH 3.1 and MICROWIND 3.1 on 180nm.

Solid rocket motors are produced in the form of segments which are used as boosters in the launch vehicles. To produce any rocket segment, hardwares are subjected to a series of operations. The rocket hardwares are thin cylindrical shells which are very sensitive to the externally applied loads. During production, a number of handling operations are essential. A suitable interface is to be generated to cater to the production operations. These requirements are met by connecting a circular ring called End Ring to the hardware using the available hardware interfaces. This paper deals with Design and Analysis of HES Dome Side End Ring for Head End Segment.

The goal of this study was to determine the customer satisfaction of Keshavarzi bank divided by services and customer classes, based on SERVQUAL model in four Keshavarzi bank branches in Kish Island. Research Methods and Procedures: In this study, descriptive correlation method is used and statistical society consists of all the customers of four branches of Keshavarzi bank in Kish Island which statistical samples were 384 persons based on Cochran unlimited society. Gathering tools for information analyzing in this work, were SERVQUAL (1988) standard expectation and customer perception Questionnaire with 20 validity and 0.75 reliability and the customer satisfaction questionnaire with 24 validity and 0.72 reliability. The results of this study showed there are a meaningful and significant relation between customer satisfaction with bank services (deposit and electronic) and building trust, reputation, accountability, tangible factors and empathy in all Keshavarzi bank branches in Kish Island. Conclusions: The order of importance effective components on customer satisfaction with electronic and deposit services in this research follows respectively, the organization reputation, building trust, tangible factors, accountability and empathy. Therefore it seems increasing the organizations reputation, building trust, caring to facilities and utilities and staff appearances, accountability and empathy are important variables to satisfy the customers in all branches of Keshavarzi bank in Kish Island.

Exciton binding energy is obtained in a Zn_xCd_1-xTe/ZnTe strained quantum dot taking into account the phonon confinement effect. The effect of mismatch between the dielectric constants of the dot and the barrier (dielectric mismatch effect) is taken into account in our calculation. The calculations include the effect of exciton and the LO phonon interaction is derived by the effective potential (V_PB) between the electron and hole along with the self energy term (E_self). It is observed that  the potential taking into account the effects of phonon makes the  exciton binding energies more than  the obtained results using a Coulomb potential screened by a static dielectric constant and the optical properties of exciton  in a quantum dot are strongly affected by the confining potential and the quantum size.

We are very happy to announce that from 21st February 2017, Dr.T.Suresh Padmanabhan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The appointment of Dr.T.Suresh Padmanabhan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

The environmental stable isotopic (oxygen-18 and hydrogen-2)  composition of groundwater  in the crystalline geological formation underlying the Accra Plains of South-east Ghana were studied to obtain information on the recharge process.  The groundwater had an average isotopic value of –3.19‰ ?¹⁸O and –14.36‰ ?²H. The groundwater recharge takes place in fractures with the occurrence of minor evaporation. The groundwater was also affected by the mixing of various rainfall events and or surface runoff. The groundwaters at Valley View University were more depleted than the other groundwaters in the Plains indicating that the groundwater was recharge at the Akwapim Togo Mountains through preferential channels.