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The solid transportation problem (STP) arises when bounds are given on three item properties. The fuzzy solid transportation problem (FSTP) appears when the nature of the data problem is fuzzy. This paper deals with the robust fuzzy solid transportation problem based on extension principle under uncertain demands. The fuzzy solid transportation problem is transformed into a pair of mathematical programs that is employed to calculate the lower and upper bounds of the fuzzy total transportation cost at possibility level . In this paper, we are interested in a robust version of location fuzzy transportation problem with an uncertain demand using a 2-stage formulation: one with inequality constraints and the other with equality constraints.

This study examines the effects of instructional scaffolding on achievement of students in Biology in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research design used in the study was quasi experimental research design. The sample consists of 120 SS2 biology students selected from the four randomly sampled secondary schools in Awka Education Zone in the state. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was the only instrument used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment correlation statistics was used to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.84 using data obtained by the test-retest method. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while t - test was used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that scaffolding instructional strategy enhanced students? achievement in biology. There was no significant difference in the mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the experimental group but there was a significant difference between mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the control group. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that teachers should adopt scaffolding instructional strategy for teaching Biology in schools. Curriculum planners should include scaffold as an instructional strategy for enhancing academic achievement.

Self compacting concrete is a form of concrete that is capable of flowing into the congested interior of formwork, passing through the reinforcement and filling it in a natural manner, consolidating under the action of its own weight without segregation and bleeding. The main disadvantage of self compacting concrete is that it is very difficult to make it without using superplasticizers or viscosity modifying agents. The use of these chemical admixtures makes the production cost of self compacting concrete high. An attempt has been made to develop a new material which will combine the advantages self compacting concrete and the normal compacting concrete. This innovative new material is given the name semi self compacting concrete. Semi self compacting concrete can be made without the use of chemical admixtures at the same time it is capable of flowing easily under the action of minimal external energy without the need for vibration. The procedure for making semi self compacting concrete has been presented. Semi self compacting concrete mixes were cast. Tests on fresh and hardened semi self compacting concrete were conducted. It is found that the semi self compacting mixes developed satisfied the requirements of flowability, passibility and segregation resistance. The 56th day strength of the mixes was found to be satisfactory.

In this paper, an efficient and accurate method for human color skin recognition in color images with different light intensity will proposed .first we transform inputted color image from RGB color space to YCBCR color space and then accurate and appropriate decision on that if it is in human color skin or not will be adopted according to YCBCR color space using fuzzy, adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) methods for each pixel of that image. In our proposed system adaptive fuzzy neural network(anfis) has less error and system worked more accurate and appropriative than prior methods.

Alagankulam region covering Tamilnadu in Southern India has numerous cultural heritages due to its witness to various social movements of different civilizations in ancient times. Archaeological excavations carried out at different depths of the trench revealed the most significant findings of pot shred, roulette ware and amphorae jar pieces and pieces of red ware etc. These relics are dated back to 3rd - 4th century. In this study, pot shred of grey ware unearthed from Alagankulam site were investigated by FT-IR spectrometry. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used as complementary techniques in order to expose chemical and mineralogical phase contents respectively. Obtained results showed that these potteries have been produced with non-calcareous clays and include moderate amounts of MgO, K2O, Na2O and Fe2O3 in this context. Additionally, high temperature phases have also been detected with XRD analyses in some samples.

Distal tibia fractures are complex injuries with a high complication rate. In this retrospective, study, we attempted to detail complications and outcomes of this type of injury in order to determine predictive factors of poor results. Between 2015 and 2017 10patients were admitted for distal tibia fractures. Internal fixation, external fixation, limited internal fixation (K-wires or screws), intramedullary nailing and conservative treatment were the different mode of treatment..The complications occurred in 3 patients. Predictive factors of poor results were fracture severity, complications, malunion severe skin and soft tissue injury. We believe that external fixation must be reserved for trauma with severe skin and soft tissue injury, as a temporary solution in a one/two-staged protocol. For other cases, we recommend ORIF with early mobilization.

An efficient one-pot protocol to generate 4-arylmethyleneisoxazol-5-one derivatives from ethyl acetoacetate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and various aromatic aldehydes using sodium azide catalyst in water as environmentally benign solvent has been developed.

This study was conducted to check the random walk behavior in the Karachi Stock Exchange. Daily, weekly and monthly stock returns of KSE 100 index for the period from 1st Jan. 1998 to 29th Feb. 2012 was tested by using descriptive statistics, VAR test, RUN test, KS test and unit root tests (ADF test and PP). Results of all the tests indicate that the KSE don’t follow random walk behavior and thus not weak form efficient, and there are chances of abnormal profit for the technical investors.

The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture is the currency of the day. This has many aspects and expatriates play several crucial roles in this process of change. There are a number of vital determinants that affect this change. This study examines some of the determinants of expatriate performance in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The extant literature has been studied to explore the theoretical base for the research. And on the basis of the previous research theoretical scope was designed. To analyze the determinants, views of 109 expatriates from four different sectors; education, construction, telecommunication, and press and media were collected through a survey. Multiple regression analysis was employed. Findings: The empirical evidence revealed that 67.3% variation in performance is explained by factors like expatriate selection, cross-culture training, language skills, family related issues, personality characteristics, expatriate motivations. However, the role of personality characteristics is very significant compared to the rest. The results of the correlation and regression analysis supported the hypothesis is supported by the empirical data. Research limitations/implications: The study has some limitations like comparatively small sample size and limited number (sectors) of international organizations in Pakistan. Apart from such limitations the study has all the positives of expatriate research. One notable aspect of the study is that it is one of the first to study expatriation in Pakistan. Practical implications: The research has practical implications for international organizations in providing in-depth understanding regarding the role of these factors in affecting the behavior of their employees and thereby the performance of the organizations and would help them in taking into account these determinants while making reasoned decisions about expatriation in Pakistan. Originality/value: Though the amount of research on expatriation is abundant, contextual studies in Pakistan are in the nascent stages. Such studies (new and replications both) will be of greater value in advancing the cause of good HR practices and encouraging future research in this field.

In today's dynamic environment, proper strategies are not enough for companies and they should also be able to work in harmony with their environment. Innovation is one of the factors that allow companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through appropriate leadership style and knowledge absorptive capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intermediary role of knowledge absorptive capacity between transactional leadership style and innovation. The population of the study included medium and large-scale manufacturing companies in the industrial estates of Mashhad County. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares were used for data analysis. The results of the analyzing the questionnaires distributed among the sample population - 82 senior managers of companies - showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between transactional leadership and knowledge absorptive capacity as well as knowledge absorptive capacity and organizational innovation. Therefore, the significance of the intermediary role of knowledge absorptive capacity was confirmed.