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A sound fiscal position is an essential pre-requisite for achieving macroeconomic stability and is a critical ingredient of sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. Better fiscal management helps mobilize domestic savings, increase efficiency of resource allocation and achieve other worthwhile development goals. On the other hand, lax fiscal policy limits options open to the government for economic recovery, sustainable growth and poverty alleviation. The present study evaluates the fiscal situation in Pakistan and sheds light on its implications for Economic Growth and poverty reduction. Study finds that Pakistan economy have shown great resilience over the years against disastrous events. However, situation of poverty reduction is not satisfactory; Pakistan’s health and education indicators depict a dismal picture when compared with the countries with same level of development. As revenue generation efforts was only partially successful and Pakistan was unable to generate adequate revenues to meet expenditure. Consequently, successive governments have tried to reduce the deficit by reducing the development expenditure which hampered the growth process and resulted in a decline in human development indicators and increased the incidence of poverty.

In present investigation mycoflora from groundnut, soybean, sesame, safflower and sunflower was isolated by using different agar media. Total thirty fungi were isolated from these oilseeds and screened against different plant leaf extract and latex. It was found that, out of five oilseeds, soybean yielded ninteen fungi, fifteen fungi were found to be associated with sesame and safflower seed. On the other hand sunflower yielded only nine fungi. Aqueous extract of Eucalyptus angophoroides retarded the growth of Alternaria dianthicola, Curvularia pellescens, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium chrysogenum. The latex of Calotropis gigantia for Alternaria dianticola; Aloe vera for Curvularia lunata and Penicillium digitatum were found to be fungitoxic.

Nowadays, biodiesel is considered the most promising alternative fuel by the researchers due to its comparable properties with diesel fuel and also other socio-economic and environmental benefits .The investigation was conducted on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine fuelled with pure diesel, B10% (5% Methanol+ 5% Rice bran oil + 90% Diesel), 20% (5% Methanol+15% Rice bran oil +80% Diesel) and 30% (5% Methanol+25% Rice bran oil+ 70% Diesel) at different loads, at different compression ratios and at different injection pressures. The water heat loss, exhaust heat loss and unaccounted heat loss decreased with the increase of biodiesel percentage in the blends. The heat balance was in respect of useful work (HBP), heat lost through cylinder jacket water (HJW), heat lost through exhaust gasses (HGas), heat carried away by the lubricating oil and other losses (Hrad). This research work provides an in-depth analysis of the engine heat losses in different subsystems of the engine. Finally, heat energy balancing of the engine has been done by showing all energy flows in and out of the engine.

The entrepreneurship is one of the factors accelerating economic growth. There is a strong relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. Many of the earlier studies had established this relationship and had constructed theoretical models based on the empirical findings (Casson, 1990 and Livesay 1995, Goel 1997, Glancey and McQuaid, 2000,). Access to finance is one of the factors determining entrepreneurship. The small and medium enterprises in developing countries face significant barriers to finance. The small and medium enterprises are constrained by gaps in the financial system such as high administrative costs, high collateral requirements and lack of experience within financial intermediaries. Increased access to finance for small and medium enterprises can improve economic conditions in developing countries by fostering innovation, macro-economic resilience, and GDP growth. Many studies had identified the access to finance as the major factor determining entrepreneurship. The World Bank and the International Finance Cooperation (IFC) rank economies according to their ease of doing business. In this framework, the ability for business to get credit is an important criterion. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Entrepreneurship Framework Condition also highlights the availability of financial resources for small, medium enterprises in the form of debt and equity, as one of the key factors for stimulating and supporting entrepreneurial activity. The World Bank Enterprise Surveys reveal that, in low-income countries, on an average 43% of businesses with 20 to 99 employees’ rate, access to finance or cost of finance as a major constraint to current operations. In high-income countries, only 11% of businesses of the same size rate, access to finance as a constraint. In this backdrop, an attempt was made to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on entrepreneurship in India.

Marine organisms are rich sources of new, biologically active compounds. Phytoplanktons have traditionally been used as foods. Algal powder as a food supplement for prevention or therapy of bacterial fish disease. Recently, much attention has been paid to the anticancer activity of Phytoplankton. Thus, we have screened organic extracts of Phytoplankton for their anticancer activity against human cancer cell line, and selected Skeletonema costatum as a candidate for use in treatment. The ethanolic extracts of Skeletonema costatum (EESC) showed cytotoxic activity against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line, (HeLa). The IC50 of EESC against the HeLa cells was 250 µg/ml. Treatment of HeLa cells with various concentrations of EESC resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that EESC may be a potential candidate in the field of anticancer drug discovery.

Mathematics is typically one of the subjects with which many students struggle. To improve mathematics achivement, it is helpful for students to gain proficiency in mathematics vocabulary. The importance of developing vocabulary as a means of improving comprehension has long been understood by educators and researchers. Students who are exposed to academic vocabulary are usually more successful in their content area classes; yet, the relative effectiveness of vocabulary strategies to build content area vocabulary comprehension in mathematics at the secondary level has had limited research. In this study, two vocabulary strategies were compared in a six-week long investigation to determine the relative effectiveness of each strategy on students’ content area vocabulary development in an Algebra II class - a Modified Cloze/Maze procedure and a Concept of a Definition word map. The research findings conducted from this study are relevant to all content area teachers, in particular math teachers at the secondary level.

The present investigation was aimed to asses the amount of leaching plastic material, if any, into tea from disposable plastic cups. Fifty plastic cups were analyzed for the study, and thickness of cups was in the range of 70 – 90 µm (micron meter). The determination of leaching procedure was done through making difference in weight of used and unused cups through electronic weighing balance. First of all, weights of fresh unused cups were measured then measurements of weights of cups were taken after using hot tea. The tea was kept in cups for 10 minutes assuming that any person finishes tea after 10 minutes. The temperature of tea was measured 100°c at the time of serving. The weight of fresh unused cups and the weight of used served with hot tea cups were analyzed. The weight of used cups served with hot tea showed significant (P < 0.05) decreased in the weight as compared to fresh unused cups. The significant decrease in the weight of used cups showed the leaching of plastic material into tea. The results in this study indicated that the leaching of plastic material from cups into hot tea and the amount of plastic material leached was in the range of 1.5 – 2.0 mg per cup from < 1gram of cup.

Leadership is vital in raising and maintaining educational standards, providing clear leadership for staff and students, running the school effectively, and helping develop the ethos and vision for the school as a whole. The study sought to assess the perceived influences of leadership styles on students’ performance, investigate the leadership roles and practices school administrators adopt to improve students’ achievements, elicit the viewpoints of school administrators, teachers and students on their preferred leadership styles. The study adopted a descriptive study design. A total of 286 respondents were sampled from a total population of 6,425. Simple random sampling procedure was used to sample students and teachers, while all the six (6) head teachers of the selected schools were used for the study.

Lipoleiomyomas are unusually rare variant of uterine myomas. Its incidence varied from 0.03% to 0.2%. Lipoleiomyomas occur in different locations including cervix and ovaries. These tumors are benign and histological findings being composed of benign smooth muscle and mature adipose tissue. Clinically it is similar to leiomyomas, and most of lipoleiomyomas are asymptomatic requires no treatment.

In recent times, the traditional methods of providing information services are changing, and also, the performance of library tasks is undergoing a major change process. Libraries are thus being transformed from book centered to information centered institutions, and emphasis is shifting from book collection and storage to access and provision of electronic information services. Therefore this paper examined the role of Library as a way to develop and maintain collections of materials in all formats and to make the materials available to all users. The integration of both print and non-print resources into the library system in the 21st century will go a long way in providing necessary information to users. Availability of various forms of print and non- print resources and their effects were discussed in this paper. This paper discussed the challenges associated with managing print and non-print information resources in colleges of education libraries in Nigeria. The study concluded that for academic library to function effectively, they should collaborate with relevant institutions and adopt the best strategies that will enhance the management of print and non-print information resources for sustainable national educational development in the country.