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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial diseases caused by complex between genetic, lifestyle and environment risk factor; T2DM has also been recognized as an immune mediated disease leading to impaired insulin signaling and selective destruction of insulin producing beta cells in which cytokines play an important role. This study aimed to investigate the association of IL-6 gene polymorphism (-174G>C) with type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in Iraqi population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 diabetic patients and 50 apparently healthy individuals from both genders. DNA was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was carried out to detect polymorphism at the -174 position of IL-6 gene and determined the genotype for Iraqi population. The results revealed that the GG genotype in diabetic was significantly (p?0.05) lower than control group (64% versus 74%, respectively) while the GC genotype in diabetic was significantly (p?0.05) higher than control group (32% versus 22%, respectively), and there was no significant difference between diabetic and control group in the CC genotype with a non significant differences in either G or C allelic frequencies between diabetic patients and control group. The results of the present study indicate that heterozygous GC genotype was associated with the incidence of T2DM.

Refrigeration is the applied science which deals with reducing the temperature of a confined space and its content to a predetermined level that is below the ambient temperature. The design of a cooling table is presented. The cooling table is an innovative application in refrigeration system design. The table is a multipurpose table for maintaining a low product temperature whilst still being able to carry out other activities on the table like a conventional table. The design covers thecompressor, condenser, evaporator, table frame, table top, cabinet volume and the covers. The prototype design requires a 70W compressor for three participants.

In this paper we analyse that how the firms manage carbon footprints in inventory management under the carbon emission trading scheme. Today’s modern world the carbon emission is one of the main sources for the global warming, so every mankind have the responsibility for reducing the carbon emission to mitigate global warming. It is generally accepted that carbon emission trading is one of the most effective market based mechanism to prohibit the amount of carbon emission. AmulyaGurtu, Mohammed Y.Jaber discussed the following result in their model paper “Impact of fuel price and carbon emission on inventory policies” [App.Mathematical Modelling, 39(2015) 1202-12016]. In that paper they mentioned that the order cost and lot sizes are affected by changes in fuel price, emission tax, fuel consumption, distance travelled. Now we expanded the above paper by introducing the emission minimizing policies such as a cap and trade system in the two level supply chain.Under the cap and trade system we explain about the carbon price and transfer quantity of carbon emission. We also provide the numerical example for better understanding.

It is probable that performance in mathematics at the standard eight classes in Kenya is a reflection of the pupil’s mathematical ability carried forward from standards seven, six and other classes of the primary tier. Gender disparities have persisted in the general performance of this subject, with notable differences in topics like geometry and algebraic fractions at secondary level. This study set out to investigate the influence of gender and age on computation of fractions by the primary pupils in Kenya and its findings were hoped to make a difference in performance of similar topics at secondary school level. The research was carried out in Bungoma County, Kenya. It involved 320 pupils and 8 teachers of mathematics from 8 primary schools. Data were collected by means of a diagnostic test for pupils and a questionnaire for teachers of mathematics. Inferential statistics, namely the t-test and the Pearson r, and frequency distributions were used in data analysis. The study revealed that the pupils had some knowledge of fractions but they encountered a lot of difficulties in computing work on fractions, which limited their level of understanding the topic and that gender had little or no influence on the pupils’ ability to compute fractions at the primary level; while age did. On the basis of the findings, the researcher recommends that teachers be sensitized on age differences in the learning of fractions.

Repeated attempts at surgical repair of serious complications involving either the partial or complete breakdown of the hypospadias repair are less likely to succeed because the penisis densely scarred, or significantly shortened, and the skin over the penisis immobile and hypovascular. Buccal mucosa (BM) has become the preferred material for reconstruction, whenever a child with skin-deficient hypospadias needs reoperation. We report the results of our surgical experience with staged reoperation using BM, in the repair of hypospadias a patient of 22 years with complications after multiple failed repairs.

A twelve week nutritional study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean with copra meal on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus. Two hundred and ten Juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with mean weight+/- 14.43g were stocked at a rate of (14) fourteen juveniles per treatment and replicated three times. The fish were subjected to five different dietary treatments with varying levels of copra meal replacing soybean at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Feeding rate of 3% body weight per day was adopted. Fish growth was monitored regularly by weighing every two weeks. The mean weight gain(MWG), specific growth rate (SGR), percentage weight gain (PWG) were significantly different (p< 0.05) and highest values (14.28g, 98.96% 68.79%/day) were recorded respectively for fish fed diet 5 (40% copra meal) while fish fed diet 3 (20% copra meal) had the least values of MWG, PWG and SGR ( 60.52g,83.16% and 60.52%/day) respectively. Treatment 5 had the least feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.93, showing this treatment to be highly efficient while treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 had the highest values ranging between 2.10 – 2.11 The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and gross feed conversion efficiency (GFCE)were significantly different (P<0.05). Highest values of PER and GFCE (1.73, 51.80%) were recorded for treatment 5 and least values of 0.84 and 47.30% were found in treatment 3 respectively. The positive relationship observed between the growth parameters and the level of copra meal in the diet showed that African cat fish can utilize Copra meal efficiently to improve growth. It was therefore concluded that up to 40% copra meal could adequately and efficiently replace soybean meal without any adverse effect on Clarias gariepinus diets.

Since the evolution of mankind on this earth, water bodies act as a source of attraction for human settlement due to diverse facilities provided by it. The facilities like habitat, food, connectivity, strategic importance etc. provided by water bodies attracted human being in the past to settle near it. The wetlands in India play an important role in human life due to their scenic beauty and ecological importance. The Mansar wetland in Jammu and Kashmir has its own importance in terms of livelihood and sustainability for the inhabitants residing nearby. Despite being a source of pilgrimage as well as other type of tourism due to its religious and scenic beauty, this wetland also has its ecological importance due to its diverse flora and fauna. The influx of tourist for different purposes makes it a good source of income for many local inhabitants. The economic importance of wetland attracts many people from nearby to settle near the wetland. Looking at the multifarious benefits and importance of the wetland, the present study has been done to find out the dependence of local for their livelihood; efforts of various agencies to develop the tourism structure, and the present problems prevailing there. The present study is primarily based on primary sources of data and collected data was assessed to draw the conclusion based on identified objectives.

It is well proved that youth have very special role in any countries development. India has the largest youth population and if we look on the past youth plays a very important role in Indian freedom fights and right from then it was well recognized that the youth power is very essential in the development of India and to make our country a better place to live. In Indian history we can take the example of Swami Vivekananda a youth icon. He taught us what a young should must have and values of life. Similarly Bhagat Singh who was the youngest freedom fighter who sacrifices his life for the freedom of our motherland. Apart from these many more inspiring actions are there which is done by the youth of India.

The notion of closed set plays a fundamental role in the study of topological spaces. Levine[8], in 1970 introduced the concept of generalized closed sets in a topological space by comparing the closure of a subset with its open supersets. This has been studied extensively in recent years by many topologists. The investigation of generalized closed sets has led to several new and interesting concepts. New and interesting applications have been found in the field of Economics, Biology and Robotics etc. Generalized closed sets remain as an active and fascinating field within mathematicians.

The term, "non-governmental organization" or NGO, came into use in 1945 because of the need for the UN to differentiate in its Charter between participation rights for intergovernmental specialized agencies and those for international private organizations. At the UN, virtually all types of private bodies can be recognized as NGOs. They only have to be independent from government control, not seeking to challenge governments either as a political party or by a narrow focus on human rights, non-profit-making and non-criminal. The structures of NGOs vary considerably. With the improvement in communications, more locally-based groups, referred to as grass-roots organizations or community based organizations, have become active at the national or even the global level. t is thus important for the NGO to have transparency in its operations and goals so that its relationship. Human Resources (HR) is the function that deals with managing an organization’s most important asset—the people who do its work. Ideally, HR policies and rules are designed to level the playing field; to help guide and protect staff and volunteers so they can contribute to the best of their abilities. Effective HR policies and procedures also help attract and retain the right people for each job and support the team who will accomplish the organization’s goals.