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The Universe is globally hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically [S. A. Mabkhout, Phys. Essays 25, 112 (2012)]. The solution predicts the equation of state of cosmology ( P = -???? ). Penrose said if the curvature is not equal to zero, then inflation is out. The hyperbolic universe inflates exponentially produces an accelerated expansion of the universe without cosmological constant or scalar field, as we have shown [S. A. Mabkhout, Phys. Essays 26,422 (2013)]. “In testing the validity of any scientific paradigm, the key criterion is whether measurements agree with what is expected given the paradigm”1. The hyperbolic time evolution equation of the universe (the hyperbolic scale factor) fits the observed data and successfully predicts the Planck length (10-33 cm) at micro-cosmos scale as well as it predicts the current observed large structure (1028 cm) at macro-cosmos scale, thus connecting both General Relativity and Quantum Theory. The distance horizon in the flat universe is 14 Gpc. We found the distance horizon in the hyperbolic universe to be infinitely, thus solves the horizon problem. Although the perspective for nearby objects in hyperbolic space is very nearly identical to Euclidean space (i.e., the universe locally is approximately flat consistent with local observations, the apparent angular size of distant objects falls off much more rapidly, in fact exponentially. The universe is globally hyperbolic. Locally the spacetime is approximately flat, by means of the hyperbolic inflation. . Locally any deviations from flatness will be hyperbolically suppressed by the hyperbolic expansion of the scale factor, and the flatness problem is solved.

Addiction to drugs, change of thoughts, excitement and behavior is one of the most significant psychosocial damage that can easily destroy the basis of individual, family and social life of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive intervention Behavioral, psychological well-being and self-retention of addicts in drug addiction camps. The results of this study show that cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on the quality of life in addicts in drug addiction treatment centers, cognitive-behavioral intervention, on psychological well-being, in drug addicts in centers for addiction abandonment camps. Cognitive-behavioral intervention is effective on life expectancy in drug addicts in drug addiction camps. In the recommendations of this research, one of the important variables is the way of teaching to addicts. It seems that the personality traits of the educator, and how he communicates with addicts, is effective on psychological well-being and the life expectancy of addicts. Therefore, it is suggested that this variable should be included in future research, and its relationship with social adaptation and more skills should be measured.

Thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger explains the heat transfer coefficient, hydraulic diameter, Colburn factor, friction factor, Reynolds number of plate fin heat exchanger. The present review explains the various correlations used in the thermal designing of plate fin heat exchanger. Colburn factor ,hydraulic diameter and Friction factor are the major parameters in the design correlations.

Bantuan Geran Per Kapita merupakan bantuan kewangan yang diperuntukkan kepada setiap pelajar warganegara Malaysia yang bersekolah di Sekolah Kerajaan atau Sekolah Bantuan Kerajaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebolehan dan mengenalpasti jenis pengetahuan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita mata pelajaran dalam kalangan guru-guru MPAV di SMV Negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik yang merupakan instrumen dalam kajian ini. Sampel kajian ini melibatkan 54 orang guru di empat buah sekolah aliran vokasional. Sekolah yang terlibat dalam kajian ini ialah Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Tanah Merah, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pasir Mas, Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Pengkalan Chepa dan Sekolah Menengah Vokasional Kuala Krai. Data dan dapatan kajian dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan perisian ‘Statistical Package For Social Sciences’ SPSS versi 16.0 untuk mendapatkan nilai skor min dan nilai peratusan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebolehan guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV berada pada tahap tinggi dengan skor min 3.82. Manakala pengetahuan berkaitan pembayaran dalam menguruskan geran per kapita menunjukkan skor min yang tinggi iaitu 4.28 berbanding perolehan dan pelupusan. Bagi analisis data dalam kajian hubungan tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan menunjukkan perkaitan yang rendah dimana (r = -0.11). Perkaitan yang dihuraikan adalah tidak signifikan kerana p > 0.05 (p = 0.40) maka Ho tidak boleh ditolak iaitu terdapat perkaitan statistik yang signifikan antara tahap pengetahuan dengan tahap kebolehan dalam menguruskan Geran Per Kapita MPAV. Seterusnya kajian ini menyarankan bahawa kursus-kursus dalam perkhidmatan dapat menambahbaik kebolehan dan pengetahuan guru-guru dalam menguruskan geran per kapita MPAV.

Iranian garden is the original output of Iranian life and mental interaction in their natural environment. Zand dynasty, commenced in Iran after overthrowing of Safavid and Afsharieh, is a short period from 1750 to 1794. Yet, not so much studies have been done in Zand architecture and urban planning. In this article, the gardens of Zand dynasty in Shiraz will be functionally, geometrically and structurally analyzed, and in this way the typology of gardens during this period is presented. General speaking, Zandiyeh gardens can be divided into two classes of "state gardens" (e.g., Jahan-Nama, Nazar, Divankhane Gardens) and "graveyard gardens" (e.g., Chehel-Tanan and Haft-Tanan Gardens). Not that Zandiyeh gardens are of ample variety and complexity from viewpoint of form or shape. Pergolas are oblongs of extended length to the northern side of the land or possibly as octagons. The building materials are mostly plain bricks with tiling ornamentations in a minimal. As compared with the Safavid dynasty gardens, the Zandiyeh's are generally of smaller size not to mention their being of more humanitarian scales collated with the Safavid's. The aim in building those gardens had not been amusement of the ruling clause but, rather, focusing on national-urban-state needs.

Vehicle Theftshas been rapidly increasing in the present automobile industry, designing an intelligent security system for vehicles can be done by using a microcontroller. The developed security system makes use of ARM microcontroller, touch screen, a GSM module, and MEMS that is embedded in the vehicle by interfacing it to Engine Control Module (ECM).In the present day vehicles, remote keyless entry system and immobilizer system are used for prevention of vehicle theft. The proposed project aims to design a theft prevention and thief identification system by adding another level of security enhancements and improvising the existing system to overcome drawbacks. As automobiles become more sophisticated, security system for vehicles must be stronger. Thelist of features implemented in this project are, smart gravitational lock, touch screen ignition, thief identification by camera etc., The features are implemented by using triple axis MEMS Accelerometer, Touch screen, GPS Receiver, GSM cellular modem, VGA spy camera. The goal behind this design is to prevent vehicles thefts rather than finding the theft vehicle and a spysystem to identify the thief for future assistance.

In the present communication doping of Polypyrrole (Ppy) has been done with a multiligand urea complex of cobalt(II) via in situ oxidative polymerization using FeCl3.6H2O as an oxidant. The dopant has been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The composite based on the synthesized dopant has been subjected to FTIR and X-ray diffraction techniques.Surface morphology of Ppy and its composite with metal complex is investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM).Thermal analysis has been done by using TG and DSC technique. The dopant has developed the crystallinityin amorphous Ppy and has increased its thermal stability. XRD results show crystalline nature of composite.Parameters like crystallite size, interplanar distance, micro strain and dislocation density have been calculated by using Bragg’s and other related equations. Moreover lattice parameters a, b, c, ?, ? and ? have also been calculated for the dopant as well as the composite using powder X softwareThermogravimetric analysis reveals that the thermal stability of composite is better to that of pure polypyrrole. 

In this chapter, we introduce (1,2)*-fg-closed maps, (1,2)*-fg-open maps, (1,2)*-fg*-closed maps and (1,2)*-fg*-open maps in Fuzzy bitopological spaces and obtain certain characterizations of these classes of maps. In last section, we introduce (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms and prove that the set of all (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms forms a group under the operation composition of functions.

Grid computing is a high performance computing environment to solve larger scale computational demands. Grid computing contains resource management, task scheduling, security problems, information management and so on. Task scheduling is a fundamental issue in achieving high performance in grid computing systems. A computational GRID is typically heterogeneous in the sense that it combines clusters of varying sizes, and different clusters typically contains processing elements with different level of performance. The scheduling problem is computationally hard even when there are no dependencies among jobs. Thus, the new local search (LS) and particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm seems to be efficient for the problem of batch job scheduling on computational grids. We consider the grid scheduling as a bi-objective optimization problem consisting of the minimization of the makespan and flowtime. The bi-objectivity is tackled through a hierarchic approach in which makespan is considered a primary objective and flowtime a secondary one. In this, a heuristic approach based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted for solving task scheduling problem in grid environment. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is one of the latest evolutionary optimization techniques by nature. It has the better ability of global searching and has been successfully applied to many areas such as, neural network training etc. Due to the linear decreasing of inertia weight in PSO the convergence rate becomes faster, which leads to the minimal makespan time when used for scheduling. To make the convergence rate faster, the PSO algorithm is improved by modifying the inertia parameter, such that it produces better performance and gives an optimized result. The computational results show that our PSO & TS implementation clearly outperforms the compared algorithms. This work proposes optimization technique called Tabu search that is combined with the ant colony optimization and PSO technique to solve the grid scheduling problems.

Image morphing is a very important tool in film and animation industry. There is a potential need to do the research in the field of image morphing. There are lots of applications based on morphing in the area of image processing and image data security. There has been a significant improvement in the research related to image morphing in the past few years. In this paper, state of the art methods from 1980, s of morphing is discussed. In various sections of the paper methods related to transformation of pixels, interpolation and other methods of image morphing are discussed. A sincere attempt is made to address the comparison of these methods depending upon various parameters and techniques. This will help the researcher to compare and identify the method for further research. It is also highlighted the possible direction of research till date. Moreover the paper also contains a comprehensive bibliography of many selected papers appeared in reputed journals and conference proceedings as an aid for the researchers working in the field of image morphing. It includes old research papers to new research papers till date.