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It is imperative that competent teacher educators are hired by teacher preparation institutions so as to mentor student teachers appropriately. It is expected that a well trained-educator, models teaching practices as it should be in secondary schools. However, some of the teacher-educators are not trained teachers, which raises the question; who should prepare these teachers? This paper sought to establish the factors that influence competence among teacher educators in universities. The study was conducted in six selected universities in Kenya. The research paradigm adopted for this study was social constructivism worldview. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with asample that comprised of Bachelor of Education fourth year students drawn from three Public universities and three Private universities, Teacher Educators and Heads of Departments from the faculty of Education. Stratified random sampling was used to select universities, student-teacher and Teacher Educators. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules, observation checklists and document analysis. It is strongly recommended that teacher education programmes should be urgently reviewed by addressing the various factors that are affecting preparation of teachers at university level. It is hoped that the finding of this study will be useful to University curriculum planners and teacher educators in designing courses that are responsive to the needs of the society.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin. Association with kidney disease has been debated for a long time. Recently some glomerular diseases have been diagnostic in patients with psoriasis; The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of these associations remain unclear because of the limited number of cases .We describe the occurrence of a nephrotic syndrome with minimal change disease (MCD) in a 43-year-old patient with a 20 year history of psoriasis .Evolution was favorable under corticosteroids.

Being familiar with the peculiarities of scientific prose style in general and technical writing in particular would undoubtedly help a science author to communicate appropriately with his peers in order to get his message across. At the level of word groups (Lexical-Phraseological word combinations), the use of ‘noun compounds’, or ‘string compounds’ is noticeable in this style. Considering the ubiquity of them in technical writing, familiarity with their functions seems to be of paramount importance as non-native writers tend to have difficulty producing them. The present study intended to disclose the functional peculiarities of technical writing on the lexical syntagmatic level of linguistic expression, focusing on noun compounds, the creation or the very existence of which would be based on the definite, well-fixed rules of combining lexical morphemes according to productive patterns, in other words, rules which can be determined by the lexical-morphological categories of the language under investigation. The analysis has revealed that noun compounds, are indivisible part of this style not because of their ubiquity but due to the fact that they would facilitate the author to create something new, something individual, and more importantly economize the pieces of information intended to be relayed.

Rapid population growth in a country like India is threatening the environment through expansion and intensification of agriculture, uncontrolled growth of urbanization and industrialization, and destruction of natural habitats. The present paper is an attempt to study the population change and its impacts on land, forest and water and energy resources. Rapid population growth plays an important role in declining per capita agricultural land, forest and water resources. The analysis reveals that outcomes of high population growth rates are increasing population density and number of people below poverty line. Population pressure contributes to land degradation and soil erosion, thus affecting productive resource base of the economy. The increasing population numbers and growing affluence have resulted in rapid growth of energy production and consumption in India. The environmental effects like ground water and surface water contamination; air pollution and global warming are of growing concern owing to increasing consumption levels. The paper concludes with some policy reflections and emphasizes the potential importance of natural resources.

Phellinus is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae from order Aphyllophorales. Phellinus spp. causing white rot of various kinds in live standing or dead gymnospermic and angiospermic wood occurs worldwide. A total number of 427 records (310 species, 06 sub-species, 42 varieties and 69 formas) of Phellinus are reported worldwide so far. The current study was based on thorough world literature survey for the host range of Phellinus species. About 91 plant families shows infection of Phellinus spp. Amongst all the families, genera of Fabaceae are found to be most susceptible, followed by Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Cupressaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Meliaceae, Pinaceae, Rubiaceae Arecaceae, Fagaceae and Olecaceae are also amongst the most frequently infected families. Quercus is the most frequent host of Phellinus.

The Manya Krobo area is bounded in the east by Lake Volta which resulted after the construction of the Akosombo dam since 1965. The groundwater quality of 25 samples in the study area was evaluated for its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes by estimating pH, EC, TDS, hardness and alkalinity besides major ions, isotopes, SAR, % Na, RSC, RSBC, chlorinity index, SSP, non-carbonate hardness, Potential Salinity, Permeability Index, Magnesium hazard and Index of Base Exchange. The percentage sodium, sodium absorption (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) indices show that the groundwaters are generally suitable for irrigation purposes. Negative Index of Base Exchange indicates the chloro-alkaline disequilibrium in the study area and all the water samples fall in the rock dominance field based on Gibbs’ ratio. Based on total hardness, the groundwater in the area is soft. Na-K-HCO3-Cl (48%), Na-HCO3 (40%), and Na-Cl (12%) water types were delineated from the area. Stable isotope analysis of water samples indicates meteoric origin of recharge.

The concept paper discusses the implementation of green skills through co-curricular activities among students of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) in line with a more sustainable industrial development towards sustainable social, economic and environmental. Implementation of green skills is assessed by its importance in education and training through co-curriculum activities as a proactive step towards a more green industrial practices benefit not only to the economy but also to support social and environmental sustainability. According to the literature, there are problems that arise due to the lack of industry awareness of the importance of the adoption of green technologies that will ultimately affect the environment. Accordingly, this article also stated that generic green skills needed by green industries as an effective method to ensure that no conflict or consistency in the implementation of green skills in TVET through co-curriculum activities towards development of green industries.

CdO/ZnO was fabricated by the sol-gel method. The effects of annealing process on the microstructure, transparent properties, and morphology of ZnO films were studied. The film was heated at 400?C for 5hours and the obtained samples were crushed to prepare a fine powder and taken into annealing process the temperature is constant at 700?C. The process will be preceded with different ratio. XRD results show that the different peak values in various chemical composition. In SEM image shows the nano cluster nano particles. In EDAX represents the nano composite which is to identify the compositions. UV- Absorption spectroscopy it is observed that there is a slight shift in absorption edge at 410nm towards longer wavelength side.

The vegetation around Lake Naivasha is under great threat by the horticultural and livestock farming common in the region through irrigation practices and overgrazing. The vegetation is heterogeneous varying from aquatic plants, grassland, shrubland, woodland and a forest. The study was conducted to analyse the effect of soil properties and environmental variable on plant communities. A total of 227 plant species were collected and identified representing 65 families. Plant species were classified into five community types using Hierachical Agglomerative Clustering Technique of the Syntax computer programme. These were: Acacia brevispica - Acacia drepanolobium community, Acacia xanthophloea–Pennisetum clandestinum community, Euphorbia candelabrum-Euphorbia buseii community, Digitaria abyssnica-Eragrostis superba - Sida cuneifolia community, and Tarchonanthus camphoratus- Solanum incanum community. Soil samples collected from each sample plot were analysed for soil pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, nitrogen and soil texture (sand, clay and silt content). Plant species diversity and richness decreased with distance from the lake as the woodlands and shrublands vegetation types near the lake had high plant species diversity than the grasslands. The results support the prediction that species diversity and richness decrease with increase in habitat degradation. Recommedations towards the conservation of plant species diversity around Lake Naivasha area are also put forward.

Nanocrystallites of Cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films with different gelation time were deposited by sol-gel spin coating method on a glass substrate. A comparative analysis of the effect of viscosity of sol-gel on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of as deposited films was made. Films were grown with gelation time of one to four days and optimum gelation time of third day of sol-gel viscosity of 3.28 x 10-3 Nsm-2 was determined. From the X-ray diffraction studies the polycrystalline nature of the grown film with a preferential orientation (1 1 1) was analyzed. The resistivity of the material decreases with the increase of gelation time and then increases after the optimum value of gelation time. The films showed resistivity of 2.16 x 10-4 ? m with an optical transmission of 80 % at the wavelength of 625 nm. The observed band gap of the developed film was found to be 2.25 eV. Also optical studies confirm that the optical transmittance was decreased when the viscosity was increased.