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This study aims to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables on non-oil exports in Iran, for the period of 1965-2010. The paper employs the ordinary least square (OLS), unit root tests and co-integration technique of Johansen as analytical tools. Result found indicates that the positive significant effects of real gross domestic product and free market exchange rate on non-oil exports. While, the effect of inflation rate on non-oil exports have been found insignificant with unexpected positive sign.

In the crystal structure of [2,6-(C2H5)2C6H3NH3]2(HSO4)2.3H2O, inorganic entities form corrugated layers parallel to ab plane between which organic groups are located. This structure is characterised by the existence of two groups HSO4- crystallographically independent which form dimmers (H2S2O8)2-. These dimers are interconnected by water molecules via strong H-bonds (dO...O < 2.73 Å).

Good quality of semi organic single crystals of a urea copper sulphate (UCS) was grown from solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Good optical quality single crystals with dimensions 15×11×3 mm3 were obtained. The grown crystal had been confirmed by single X-Ray Diffraction Method. UV -Vis absorption, studies reveals that the grown crystal was optically transparent through the visible range. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals had been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Dielectric studies have been made. Dielectric studies give information about the charge transport mechanism of a material. The optical absorption studies indicate that for the sample, optical transparency window is quite wide, making it suitable for NLO applications.

War is the greatest catastrophe that brings death and destruction, merciless slaughter and butchery, disease and starvation, poverty and ruin in its wake. A disturbing side of modern wars is that they tend to have global implications. The psychological and economic impact of war on their belligerent societies is huge. Terrorism is driven by politics even when the justifications given for the killing of innocents and the recruiting tools of terrorist groups are cast in religious, ethnic, linguistic or moral terms. The war in Syria is a befitting example. The image of Aylan Kurdi, the small Syrian boy washed up on a Turkish beach, was so heart wrenching that the European politicians and the public opened their arms and their hearts to these refugees. It is high time that the regimes should realize that there are other choices to violence and its attendant terror to gain what they want. The paper seeks to explore the reasons behind the Syrian War and to analyze the deplorable condition of the Refugees. 

Based on Hodrick-Prescott filter for non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks and economic growth ratio, this paper set up VAR model, also analyze the impact from economic growth to the fluctuation of non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks. The result shows that the attack from economic growth to non-performing loan ratio achieves maximum after three quarters. From the conclusion, some measures for preventing and controlling banks’ systemic risk should be implemented, such as implementing counter-cyclical mechanism for the central bank, improving the export competitiveness for government, strengthening internal credit mechanism for commercial banks.

Nowadays regarding to increasing complexity of organizations and differences in thoughts, attitudes and beliefs of individuals, there has been some conflicts in organizations as inevitable part of organizational life which should be properly identified and managed. But now what is important to resolve organizational conflicts is awareness of the five conflict management strategies and their appropriate contexts and applications in order to select the appropriate strategy for each position; not only to prevent damage to the organization, but leading them to the realization of organizational goals. Emotional intelligence is an ability of managing organizational conflict. The process and outcomes of Emotional Intelligence includes many results such as reduction of stress, enhancing understanding and communication, increasing stability, continuity and empathy. Conflict management is to resolve disputes, teamwork, cooperation, working with people through shared goals, etc. This is a descriptive survey which sought to identify the impact of emotional intelligence on conflict solving strategies. In this regard, this survey achieves some results in conflict solving strategies and its impressionability based on the components of emotional intelligence.

This study is an attempt to investigate a comparative analysis using Natural Semantic Metalanguage. The refusal patterns of speech acts was contrasted in English and Persian fairy tales to see if it could provide evidence of applicable efficacy of NSM model which is claimed to be universal. The descriptive technique was the cultural scripts approach, using semantic primes proposed in the NSM theory. The cultural scripts were presented in both English and Persian Metalanguages. The data were collected from some English and Persian fairy tales. The results showed the applicability of NSM model for cross-cultural comparisons. Then, the paper concludes with the pedagogical implications of the development of the theory of cultural scripts for teaching L2 socio-pragmatics in communicative interaction routines.

The current global challenges of ensuring the availability of and access to food, in both quantity and quality, require deliberate and far-reaching solutions. Historically, research for development in agriculture and extension services has been a strong driving force for meeting food supply around the world. Agriculture is changing, and with it, a revised set of skills is needed to address new challenges in agriculture. As attitudes, expectations and employment in agriculture have changed, there is evidence that the skills and competencies of graduates do not meet the needs of today’s agricultural sector. Industrial development is not possible without agricultural development so, maximum people must live in the villages and help in the agricultural development, there is vast difference between rural and urban life and this should be lessened. The standard of living of rural people can be uplifted permanently only when they themselves make an effort in this direction and encourage people to take initiative; it is prerequisite that the change in the field of knowledge, understanding, skill and attitude should be brought about. Extension Education is primarily for the rural development. Its main objective is to bring necessary change in the beliefs or views of people. Extension education is an educational process by which capabilities among people are developed to understand their problems and resources. It is utilized to make scientific methods available to the rural people, so that they can raise their agricultural production and their standard of living. The aim of extension education is community development, which is possible only by bringing change in the behaviour complex of rural people. Extension education plays major role in bringing desirable change in rural people.

The progression and multiplications in Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) has prompted movement of learning past the customary classroom Face-to-Face (F2F) to various sorts of adapting, for example, Distance Flexible Learning (DFL), Electronic Learning (eLearning) and to all over and whenever known as Mobile Learning (mLearning). [1] The broad utilization of versatile innovations has brought about expanding enthusiasm for portable learning. [3] In this paper we investigate the difficulties the cell phones has on learning and further talks about the outline and execution of android based understudy learning apparatuses which is worked to upgrade learning . The proposed framework has numerous learning devices, for the most part the auspicious notice for various modules, for example, exercises due dates, exam alarm and discourse notice. Incorporated with MOODLE (course administration framework) to upgrade learning, it additionally has instructional exercise apparatus for understudies/guides to decrease paper work and superfluous workload on the mentors. Other learning instruments gave to students are exam timetable, college news, exchange gathering, college and general data benefit. This proposed framework's devices gives greater adaptability, portability and advantageous than eLearning mode which rises routine consideration regarding self-learning modules which may support student's abilities in learning.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect furrow opener (ridge), operation speed and samples depth from furrow on soil physical properties and maize yield during the summer growing season of 2013 in the experimental at fields of Faculty Agricultural University of Baghdad in silt clay soil. The experimental treatments were arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replicates. The main plots were assigned to the machinery unit speeds (3.69, 4.23, 6.27 and11.17 km h-1), whereas sample depth of furrows was assigned to the sub plots included top of furrow (0.00-0.15 m) and bottom of furrow (0.00-0.25 m). Grains of corn (synthetic cv. Maize 5018) were sowing was done on August 18th; harvest was done on December 10th. Irrigation were scheduled when soil water content in the root zone was depleted by the crop to specific fraction of available water (irrigation was imposed at 55% depletion of available water). Soil samples from furrow were taken from each experimental unit of depth 0.0 -0.15 and 0.0 -0.25 m after month of planting, middle season and after harvest to determine soil bulk density and the same samples measured saturated hydraulic conductivity and calculated mean weight diameter (MWD), geo-metric diameter (GMD). At harvest time, two central rows in each plot were harvested to determining grain yield and then; grain yield per hectare was calculated. The results the operating speeds significantly affected the soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity values. As the operating speed increased, soil bulk density increased and hydraulic conductivity decreased. An increase operating speeds from 3.69 t0 4.23 and 11.17 km.h-1 decreased hydraulic conductivity and increased soil bulk density values for all planting growth stages (after month of planting, middle season and after harvest) except the speed 6.27 km.h-1. Different operating speeds and depth were significantly for mean weight diameter (MWD) and geo metric diameter (GMD) for all planting growth stages.