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Nigeria ranked first in Africa and fourth in the world among tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries. An estimated 460,000 cases of tuberculosis and 5000 cases of leprosy occur in Nigeria annually. TB prevalence among Human Immune Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients rose up to 27% due to increased association of TB with HIV/AIDS. This study described the dynamics of Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Policy in Nigeria. Many Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and private partners compliment the effort of the federal government in combating this scourge. The federal government has continually reviewed her policy framework to reposition her to combat the scourge. Some progress has been made, but more effort is required to scale up operations. Proper budgetary allocation for health in line with international best practice, improved funding, monitoring and evaluation of TB and leprosy control programmes are invaluable in the actualization of this noble course.

Different from other soda ash plants based on Solvay Process in the world, Mersin Soda plant applies a particular process in order to decrease the chloride concentration of the solid waste. The purpose of the current study is to investigate utilization of this solid waste with low chloride content in possible industrial applications. It is determined that using solid waste as a mineral additive in some of the cements produced in Mersin-Adana region, slightly reduces consistency of mortar and shortens setting time. However consistency and setting time of the samples including solid waste can be increased to the levels of the reference sample by using 0.05% of retarding admixture. It is observed that compressive strength of samples with 5% waste is similar to the reference sample. As a result, it has been found that 5 percent solid waste can be used in the cement as a minor constitute.

A 71-year-old patient with no past medical history consulted for the management of acute urinary retention. His PSA level was 87 ng/mg. A prostate biopsy revealed xanthogranulomatous prostatitis. Our case aims to discuss the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological and therapeutic characteristics of this rare disease which is a difficult differential diagnosis with other prostatic lesions.

This study estimates Optimization Model for Balance of Trade (BOT) in Iran econometric model of Vector Autoregression (VAR) was employed for period of years (1981-2014). The results indicate that rising ratio of relative price to used cost in investment and wealth may worsen BOT while rise of real capital can lead to improvement of BOT,Shows that there was a need for implementation of economic reforms, further reduction in costs, and omission of investment controls and it requires strengthening infrastructures, encouraging for foreign investment, and increase in domestic savings to accelerate investment and accumulation of capital in Iran.

The linguistic and non-linguistic features of the language which is being used in mathematical communication are unique and demarcate the mathematical register from other registers. Mathematical register is not limited in use to classroom teaching and learning but is utilized in other areas by members belonging to the same speech community in the sense of persons using a particular language or register in a definite context. In this paper, we highlight the core markers of the code used in mathematics as a register. We critique the link between linguistic competence and mathematical performance against competence in mathematical register. This analysis is expected to spur more debate in theoretical, psycholinguistics and mathematical linguistics about the interplay between the brain, mathematics and language.

The study compared the IT benefits in Malaysia with Nigeria construction industry using data obtained from internet for information on Malaysia while it relied on primary survey to elicit information on Nigeria. SPSS 17.0 statistical package was used for the analysis to arrive at the result. The Descriptive analysis (DS) showed a summary of the results from likert scales while Factor analysis showed the reduction of factors by combining the data. Tables were placed in sequence for both countries for easy comparison and quick deduction. The study showed awareness of IT benefits in the two countries with Malaysia a bit ahead of Nigeria. However, Investment in both countries is low; Component Principal Analysis in Malaysia revealed three components i.e. improving profitability, Improving Management and Increasing Flexibility. In Nigeria it is four with Increasing Market share. Literature also revealed that local construction industry in Malaysia was impeded by insufficient bandwidth, lack of training and unavailability of expert users. Whereas, this study showed 14 items as responsible factors affecting IT Facilities procurement in Nigeria with cost and erratic power supply on the lead with 4.851 and 3.9149 mean scores respectively.

As a cross-cultural study, the present study investigates politeness strategies that native English speakers and EFL learners employ for exchanging greetings in different situational contexts. Data includes responses elicited through an open-ended Dramatic Written Discourse Completion Task (DWDCT). In order to control the effect of students’ proficiency level, an advanced test of Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was administered to select among 73 senior students of English literature and translation at Isfahan University. Sixty female undergraduate EFL learners with an age range of 21-24 at Isfahan University in Iran and 60 native English learners with an age range of 23-37 studying Medical Laboratory Technology at Dalton State College in Dalton, Georgia, USA participated in the present study. The findings present that EFL learners are not linguistically competent in English greetings in different situations. It also suggests that EFL learners use inappropriate politeness expressions in their English responses, as they do not have the ability to express greetings according to the situational context and native culture. Therefore, it may be necessary to adopt systematic, appropriate and situationally contextualized greetings in the Target Language (TL) in second and foreign language teaching.

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of 2’, 4’-difluoro acetophenone (DFA) and 4’-chloro acetophenone (CA). The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) using standard B3LYP/6-31G** method and basis set combinations. The vibrational spectra were interpreted, with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical force field. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. The effects of halogen substituents on the structure and vibrational frequencies have been investigated. Comparison of simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.  The ¹³C and ¹H NMR chemical shifts of the DFA and CA molecules were calculated using the Gauge-Invariant- atomic orbital (GIAO) method in DMSO solution using IEF-PCM model and compared with experimental data.

Generating expansion planning is one of the most significant parts in grid expansion planning. The generating expansion planning extends from 10 to 30 years. Among the electrical storage systems we can refer to super conductive storage system, batteries, dense-air storage system, dense-air storage system inherent in pipes, and pumped-storage power plans. This study shed some light on storage system used in pumped storage power plants. Reliability is one of the most important constraints in power stations. In generating expansion planning, the Loss of Load Probability index is one of the most vigorous indices for reliability system. WASP program is one of the most powerful instruments for generation expansion planning. In this paper is not utilize WASP-IV and proposed algorithm using MATLAB program for Iranian power grid with and without pumped storage power plants within a time period of 10 years (2020- 2020); then the results have been compared.

One type of Islamic historiography is through historical biographical dictionaries. The rise and development of this type of historiography in the seventh century AH, coincided with the establishment of the Mamluk Sultanate (648-922 AH). Although it was Y?q?t al-Hamawi (626 AH), the author of Mu'jam al-udab?, who wrote the first of these sources in the Islamic history, Ibn Khallikan (681 AH), through writing most renowned work Wafay?t al-A'y?n, entered biographical dictionary writing in a new phase as a profession and elevated it. In fact, subsequent biographical dictionaries like al-Wafi Belwafiat by al-Safdi, Fawat al-Fawayat by Ibn Shaker, Al-Manhal al-Safi by Ibn Taghribirdi complement Wafay?t al-A'y?n. Historical dictionaries enjoy a high status and importance in Islamic historical studies especially in the realm of the Islamic culture and civilization such that without referring to them, research in this realm as well as other realms is impossible. In addition to having a brief look at the status of historiographies during this sultanate and how biographical dictionaries were formed, this study aims to review and analyze the resources, methods and motives for such historical works.