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The major purpose and target of every education activity is to enhance students’ learning. The present paper is an analysis of literature available in the field of techniques that motivate students for learning. For this purpose the available related literature was reviewed. Motivation is considered a permanent tool for students’ success in learning. The sources of motivation can be influenced by external factors as well as internal. On these bases motivation may be extrinsic or intrinsic. However, the intrinsic motivation is more responsible for motivating students for learning. Educators may give heed to the arousing o intrinsic motivation and they may consider this motivation in designing their instruction by incorporating motivational techniques in their in instruction.

We are very happy to announce that from 17th November 2018, Mr. Pushparaj Pal has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electronics Engineering. Mr. Pushparaj Pal is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, ICL Engineering College, Ambala, India. The appointment of Mr. Pushparaj Pal as member, Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Quantum dots (QDs) are nanoparticles that have attracted widespread interest in medicine, drug delivery and imaging in living animals due to their unique electronic and optical properties. QDs with Bioconjugated have been introduced for imaging and targeting in living molecular cells, animal models and also in humans. Present efforts are focused on exploring the massive multiplexing capabilities of the QDs for Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), drug delivery and in addition biocompatibility, bioconjugation and biotoxicity of QDs are also analyzed and discussed. These advances in the QD technology have unraveled a great deal of information about the molecular events in tumor cells and early diagnosis treatment.

A watermould, isolated from the water samples taken from a ditch near the Botany Department in the campus of M.G. Postgraduate College, Gorakhpur (India), has been identified to be an oömycete having unusual affinities with other groups. The life cycle studies have shown certain typical features and indicated this member to be quite different from the existing seventeen genera of Saprolegniaceae. A stability of the characteristic features has been observed under variable cultural conditions with ± 5% variations.

Takano [1967] has studied the decomposition of curvature tensor in a recurrent space. Chandra [1972] has defined Neo-covariant derivative and its applications. In this paper, I have studied decomposition of Neo-curvature tensor field in Finsler recurrent spaces and several theorems have been established.

Scarcity of drinking water has been a major problem that most parts of this world are facing since years. Though many methods are there like electric water purifiers, they all are having very high initial and operational cost. Solar still is an exception for this. But, due to its lower yield, it is not yet commercialized. Most of those works to improve solar still efficiency and yield were given emphasize to improve the evaporation rate. But the condensation characteristics are also important. Condensing cover of the solar still and its inclination is one of such areas where detailed study is required. This research paper is intended to find the optimum inclination for the condensing cover for a solar still so as to get the maximum yield.

Biodiesel derived from nonedible feed stocks such as Mahua, Jatropha, Pongamia are detailed to be feasible choices for developing countries including India. This paper presents the results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Mahua biodiesel. In this paper, the blends of varying proportions of Mahua biodiesel and diesel were prepared, analyzed and compared with the performance of diesel fuel, studied using a single cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperatures, Co, Hc, No, and smoke emissions was analyzed. The tests showed decrease in the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) of the engine as the amount of Mahua biodiesel in the blend increased. The maximum percentage of reduction in BTE is 14.3% was observed for B-100 at full load. The exhaust gas temperature with the blends decreased as the proportion of Mahua increases in the blend. The smoke, Co, and No emissions of the engine were increased with the blends at all loads. However, Hc emissions of Mahua biodiesels were less than that of diesel.

Objective: The objective is to compare the sugarcane performance under contour -zonary cultivation techniques with the one under traditional cultivation techniques. Method: Sugarcanes of both Qiantang 4 and Qiantang 5 were planted with different techniques. When they reached technical maturity, the samples of their roots, leaves, stems, number of ratoon cane buds etc. were collected, measured and compared to find out the differences of the yield and quality of the sugarcanes cultivated with different techniques. Result: It is found that sugarcanes under the cultivation with contour -zonary techniques had following characters that were fresh root weight increasing by 92.81-117.57%, functional leaf number increasing by 10.11-14.68%, cane stem production increasing by 16.65-17.57%, cane sucrose contents increasing by 4.05-4.07% and ratoon number increasing by 62.81-65.10%. Conclusion: Sugarcanes cultivated with contour -zonary cultivation techniques perform better than the ones cultivated with traditional cultivation techniques in both their yield and their qualities.

Physical exercise provide immense help in assisting an individual to seek his all round growth and development in all the personal dimensions including the union of his self with the greater soul. Physical exercise is based on philosophy that is practical and for our day to day living. Physical exercise produces desirable physiological changes and has sound scientific basis. Physical exercise is the only technique through which the body of any human being can be healthy without any trainer, equipment and medicine. Thus, my purpose of this paper makes an attempt to analyse the role and importance of physical exercise in modern times of 21st Century as well as its effect on human being in this contemporary times. Physical exercise influences cognitive emotional, learning and neurophysiological domains both directly and indirectly, thereby rendering it as essential that this non-invasive, nonpharmacological intervention ought to form a part of children’s and adolescents long-term health programs. Several manifestation of physical exercise providing health benefits for children and adolescents are evident in healthy and functional muscles and bones, increased strength and endurance, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, the reduces risk for chronic disease such as overweight and diabetes, improve self-esteem and psychological well-being and finally higher levels of subjective and psychological well-being as well as reduces stress, anxiety and depression.

Coating formulations were developed with diluent or modifiers that remained incorporated as a minority discontinuous phase. Epoxy resins were formed from a DGEBA (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A), prepolymer (Epikote 828) and MXDA, (m-Xylylenediamine). Butyl laurate (BL) and clay (montmorillonite) were used as the modifier and the filler, respectively. The epoxy network forming systems were prepared by mixing the DGEBA with BL and/or clay and degassed, followed by addition of the MXDA and further degassing. Polymerisation kinetics during epoxy network formations were obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) on samples of quenched reaction mixtures pre-reacted isothermally at 60 oC at 5 min intervals up to 1 h. The results showed a step-wise increase in Tg and conversion with time. The exothermic process in the clay-filled resins was controlled by the catalytic activity of the clay surface with the resin system.