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Reaching the goal of using a language -communication and interaction- is only possible with choosing the most appropriate language devices in both spoken and written genres. There are a plenty of such devices of which discourse markers are paramount. Speakers need to be able to master discourse markers, particularly discourse markers of reformulation, in order to be able to communicate as well as to be recognized as a proficient member of their community. In response to research recommending a more explicit focus on variation among adolescent, this article aims to add to the study of adolescent speech production from a reformulation-centered perspective as well as to add to socio-pragmatic studies. This paper was an attempt to presents the results of analyzing transcriptions of reciprocal oral interaction in a simulated informal context, for Iranian female adolescents, discussing the importance, frequency, and distribution of the different types of reformulation markers (namely paraphrastic and non-paraphrastic) through employing Gülich and Kotschi’s (1995) classification. The analysis revealed no significant differences in employing different types of reformulators. The low frequency of observed reformulation samples revealed that Farsi adolescent speakers are not highly concerned with the use of reformulation markers. They took advantage of a few non-paraphrastic reformulators to clarify their intention. Regarding reformulators of explanation, as a sub category of paraphrastic reformulators, they tended to employ it more in comparison with other subcategories. Accordingly, some suggestions on further research of the present study are proposed.

The paper studies in tandem, the application of Text-Mining to Social Media platforms such as Social Networking Sites and Blogs. The research design incorporates triangulated use of a single case study approach to figure out through cluster analysis whether consumer insights can be captured for an organization through the use of Text-Mining software. The research argues favorably in theory and reveals numerically that through Text-Mining Software we can acquire novel consumer insights for the new Product Development (NPD) Process. The research tries to open a new avenue for market researchers to collect consumer insights for forming and revising their social media campaigns. The research leaves issues such as complete applicability and appropriate choice of software for further studies.

Faecal sludge treatment is necessary for waste water reuse. Among the natural biological treatment systems available, stabilization ponds have been used widely around the world with a considerable success. This research was conducted to assess the levels of faecal sludge solids concentration in waste stabilisation ponds, which consist of twin anaerobic pond, primary and secondary facultative pond and a single maturation pond at the Tamale Metropolis landfill site in Northern Ghana. The results revealed TSS concentration range of 4122.22 to 8760.37 mg/l, TDS range of 1970.20 to 9744.11 mg/l and TS range of 6092.4 to 18504.48 mg/l. Variation of faecal sludge solids concentration among different stabilisation ponds were statistically, highly significant by analysis of variances. However, variations of solids concentration within individual ponds were statistically insignificant. The anaerobic pond recorded the highest faecal sludge solid concentration relative to the other ponds as expected. The faecal sludge solids levels were observed to be higher than the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency recommended standard for the discharge of effluent into the environment. This may impede the faecal sludge treatment processes and make the entire system function below required safety levels.

Lately in educational organization, voluminous studies accentuate the momentous of leadership in mobilizing creativity. Creativity skill is seen as one of the important skills required for the 21st century leadership, which is also known as the tool for creative leader’s mind in engaging and stimulating ideas to execute outcomes. Hence, leaders should create an opportunity by involving every employee and stakeholders in schools to contribute their ideas towards developing creative solutions to enhance school productivity. The focal point of this article is to offer a conceptual framework on creative leadership practices among school leaders towards collaborative school culture. Intensive reviews of literature will be used in the fields of creative leadership and school culture with the aim to nurture leaders into better leaders and encourage collaborative school culture. The framework contributes a new shed on the implication of creative leadership practices and collaborative school culture. It also will contribute a new theory development and offered suggestions for follow up research.

This article presents information about Consumers International (Global Association of Consumer Unions) and its offices at various regions. It is also discussed about the role of Consume Voluntary Organisation in the society, benefits in having a Consumer Voluntary organization.

Bipolar Disorder is a psychiatric disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood rearranging from extreme mania to severe depression. Research analysis shows there is no specific genes are analyze which is directly associated with Bipolar Disorder. Diverse data mining technique is used to find out genes responsible for BD. It is found that genes present in orbit frontal cortex are differentially expressed in disease and control subjects. Gene Expression analyses of thousands of genes are studied from the orbit frontal cortex region of brain. Microarray technology is used to study approximately 22,283 mRNA transcripts from Orbit frontal cortex in brain region. Statistical t-tests are applied and 1,172 genes have obtained as significant genes. Correlation based feature selection is used to reduce the large dataset into small dataset.

In this study, the role of meaning in the process of formation of a sense of place and it,s tremendous affected on the feeling morphology of sense of place examined. For this reason, this paper, By finding root of the theoretical and empirical literature in the sense of place and sence of meaning, investigated by studying quantitative and qualitative indicators in order to gain a better understanding of the relationship meaningful role in shaping the dealt sense of place. The aim of this paper was to receive and review of the role of meaning in the process of making sense of place on the way human perception and its role in architecture and its audiences. The findings of this research means if we understand and use morphology of sense of place in the role of meaning factor used, the Residents feel happy more than belonging to the past and to have a sense of place.

This study investigated the impact of some demographic factors and emotional intelligence as correlates of perceived job stress. Emotional intelligence (EI) is seen as an individual’s capacity to appropriately regulate his/her emotions, and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and action. The workplace had become a high stress environment. Employees experience high level of stress due to various factors such as high workload, tight deadlines, high targets, type of work, among others.Stress in the workplace reduces productivity, increases management pressures, and makes people ill in many ways. Workplace stress affects the performance of the brain, including functions of work performance; memory, concentration, and learning. The study examined if there will be a significant positive correlation between EI, gender and ageon perceived job stress. The study employed the use of a survey design by gathering data from a sample of two hundred and thirty-nine (239) respondents. Questionnaires were used to gather information. Three hypotheses were tested and the results showed that there was a significant relationship between EI and perceived job stress(r = .743**, N= 239, P < .01). Also, the t-test analysis revealed that there was a significant effect of gender on perceived job stress (Crit-t = 1.96, Cal.t = .441, df = 237, P < .05).T-test findings also revealed that there was no significant effect of age on perceived job stress(Crit-t = 1.96, Cal.t = -0.60,df = 237; p > .05).It was recommended among others that employers should take a serious effort to ensure that their employees are well trained on EI constructs, encourage a good team-working ability and cooperation, and involvement in task by every employee should be emphasised which will invariably reduce stress at work.

By the year 2020 depression would be the second major cause of disability-adjusted life years lost, as reported by the World Health Organization. Depression is a mental illness which causes persistent low mood, a sense of despair, and has multiple risk factors. Its prevalence in primary care varies between 15.3-22%, with global prevalence up to 13% and between 17-46% in Saudi Arabia. Despite several studies that have shown the benefit of early diagnosis and cost-savings of up to 80%, physicians in primary care setting continue to miss out on 30-50% of depressed patients in their practices. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Jazan region, Saudi Arabia aiming at estimating the point prevalence of depression among healthy adults, data was collected by using standardized of the PHQ-9 questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20. About 347 subject adults of age 20 up to 60 years old participated in this study, 49% were male and 51% were female, About 347 subject adults of age 20 up to 60 years old participated in this study, 49% were male and 51% were female, majority (70%) within the age group from 30 - 40 years old, 65 % were single and 62% were students. The study indicated that about only 15% of subjects had no symptoms of depression while 85% of subjects had symptoms of depression varies from minimal symptoms to moderate major depression, where 30% had Minimal symptoms, 27% had mild major depression and 28% had moderate major depression. 

Considering to Importance of Food Industries related to generate employment, more so than many other manufacturing sector and also it’s vital role in Iran’s economy. This paper examines the determinants of labour productivity in food industries of Iran over the 1995-2006 period. The study applied the Cobb–Douglas production function of industry. The results showed that total factor productivity is 17.8 percent. The determinants like education, skilled, specialist, capital per worker and wages have affected on productivity’s differences in Iranian food industries. The most important factor was employee’s specialization in this industry.