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Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”) are increasingly popular investment vehicles. ETFs are one type of structured exchange-traded product. An ETF is an investment product that allows an investor to buy and sell shares in a single security that represents a fractional ownership of a portfolio of securities. ETFs are open-ended investment companies or unit investment trusts that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The first ETF, SPDR Trust, was listed in 1993 with an underlying portfolio designed essentially to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 index. Since then over 700 ETFs have been introduced. This study shows the performance of ETFs & Index Fund from investors perspectives. The study is based on 6 USA based ETFs that track well known indexes. As in India ETF market is still at introductory stage so International market has been traced.

A DoS attack is a type of attack which the attacker waste the resource of system. In DoS attack of the computer system an individual host will send huge number of useless packets to one machine so it makes the crash of the host. Among the different types of DOS attacks, SYN- Flooding attack is more important In the situation of attacking system is in non- linear mode so it seems the fuzzy logic work better other methods. In this paper we propose new hybrid mechanism of filtering and fuzzy for detection of DOS attack Source IP address and port, packet timeline, Number of packets, Entropy of Packet type, rate of request, Entropy of Source IP, and Entropy of Source Port some of the parameters that effect on attack detection. So in our study we infer fuzzy rules based on the value of these parameters. Performance analysis of the proposed approach is done by measure of the four parameters including Precision, Recall, F-measure, and Accuracy in different state of system. To similarity to real situations three modes: normal, LOW DOS Attack, and High DOS Attack for the system is intended. Two set of data e.g. train data and test data are provided to the analysis of the proposed approach. Results showed that for testing data in the situation of attack occurrences in system attack detection has a high degree of accuracy. Its accuracy is approximately 95%.

Iron (II) Hydroxide nano particles were synthesized via chemical co precipitation method from Iron (II) chloride and Sodium Hydroxide. Structural and compositional properties were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the preferential growth of Iron (II) Hydroxide nano particles that width is 30.91nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized Iron (II) Hydroxide show well crystallized particles with spherical morphology. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of Iron (II) hydroxide nano particles is found to be 3.5eV. From AAS studies it is found that the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration. The linear fit indicates that Iron (II) Hydroxide nanoparticles have been distributed in proper proportion.

A novel series of 2-substitutedimino-6-amino-4-[2-isobutoxy-5(4-methyl-5-carboxy-1,3-thiazo-2-yl)]-phenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazines had been recently synthesized in this laboratory by refluxing 2-(3-substitutedthioamidoforma midino-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-carboxy-1,3-thiazoles with various isocyanodichlorides in acetone-ethanol medium in 1:1 molar proportion for 2 hours. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral studies.

Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxouranium(VI) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 3-substituted-4-animo-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and glyoxal/biacetyl /benzyl have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic studies. The elemental analysis agrees well with the 1:1 stoichiometry of the type VO.L.So4 and UO2.L.(CH3COO)2 respectively. The IR data suggests that, ligands have coordinated to the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen atoms in a bidentate fashion by keeping sulphur atom of mercapto groups away from coordination. Thermograimetric measurements and XRD pattern have also been done on some oxovanadium (IV) complexes. Some of the VO(IV) and UO2(IV) complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. One of the VO(IV) complex has been evaluated for its oxytocic and antihistaminic activity.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and speaking skill and also to investigate the feelings and notions of learners and their teacher with regard to the application of PBL approach in English classes. 26 EFL learners which formed two intact classes in a language institute participated in this study. The placement test which was administered in both groups indicated that the students of both groups were homogeneous and that they were in intermediate level. Experimental group was comprised of 14 female learners while the control group included 12 male learners. At the beginning of the study a vocabulary and a speaking test was administered in both classes as the pre-test. Learners in the control group were taught with the prevalent traditional lecture-based, teacher-centered teaching approach while students in the experimental group enjoyed being taught with PBL approach according to which learners were given problems which required learners to think, search about the problem and debate with their classmates. After a semester, learners in both groups were asked to take the vocabulary and speaking tests as the post-test. Result of the data analysis disclosed that learners in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group, both in vocabulary and speaking tests, which indicated that PBL approach can improve learners’ vocabulary learning and speaking ability compared to traditional methods. Moreover, the data gathered through learners’ self-report and interview with the teacher represented the general positive view of learners and teacher toward PBL approach. More elaborate description and report of the issue in this respect is provided in the discussion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether training and feedback had any effect on the errors in descriptive and argumentative writing of Iranian EFL learners. 60 females upper_ intermediate Iranian learners in English Hermes language Institute participated in this study. The participants were selected via preliminary English Test (PET). The learners were placed into two groups serving the Experimental Group (N=30) that received training and feedback, and the Control Group (N=30) that received score. The learners are homogenous English proficiency level and they were randomly assigned to Experimental and Control groups. Both groups were pretested at the outset of the study. A unified post _ test was administered at the end of the experiment. The results of an independent samplest_ test revealed a significant difference between training and focused feedback on the numbers of errors in the descriptive and argumentative writing.

The effect of family and its structure on delinquency, in particular juvenile delinquency, has been the object of a wealth of notable research, all of which suggest that family is by far the most important factor in individuals’ law abiding behavior and delinquency in a society. Surveying two samples i.e. juvenile delinquents and well-behaved minors in Shiraz, the present study examined this very issue and yielded results supporting, to a great extent, those obtained by previous research. In this study, 19 independent variables as the family structure variables influencing youth crime were tested using a questionnaire. The research hypothesis holds that these variables are significantly correlated to juvenile offending. The results indicated that, on the one hand, there is a significant relationship between delinquency among the samples and variables including place of birth, disability, adherence to religious values, parental monitoring, maternal employment, home ownership, family breakdown, and drug and alcohol abuse among family members, which supported the hypotheses. On the other hand, delinquency, the results suggested, is not significantly related to variables including household income, paternal employment, satisfying economic needs, parental education, family intimacy, stuttering, family dysfunction, and contact with friends, rejecting the corresponding hypotheses.

The French Enlightenment of 18th century was the spiritual successor of Descartes’ rationalism and English empiricism. It gave the main inspiration to the radical political and cultural changes in whole Europe. Descartes himself escaped to draw possible logical consequences from his philosophical method in the field of moral and politics. But subsequent development of suggested method of critical inquiry soon raised suspicion not only to the existing scientific knowledge, but also to all forms of social beliefs and institutions. Very soon the critical reasoning spread over the European continent influencing all people who considered themselves progressive and modern. Different kind of followers united the idea of Reason and the power of new knowledge.

The physiochemical properties of the leaf extract of four Nigeria medicinal plants were investigated in order to ascertain their level of safety for human consumption. The results obtained from the analysis show a range of temperature 25.50 + 0.003 , 26.00+0.0020C, as against 30.000C obtained for the water used for the extraction, pH range 5.50+0.003 - 8.0+0.002. All the other extracts showed greenish coloration except Eremomastex polysperman extract that appears bluish purple. Electrical conductivity 24.00+0.012-145.20+ 0.053uscm-1. Suspended solid ranged between 1.60+0.001-3.60+0.008, dissolved solid 12.00+0.003-98.20+0.005, titratable alkalinity and acidity ranged 25.34+0.003-500.00+0.0012 and 40.44+0.005-900.00+0.128mg/l respectively. Biochemical oxygen demand BOD and dissolved oxygen DO values ranged 118.00+0.008-360.00+0.025 and 1.26+0.007-1.50+0.008 respectively. Total hardness ranged from 31.61+0.012 to 48.00+0.015. Finally sulphate, nitrate and chlorides values ranged within 2.10+0.003-24.20+0.004, 2.10+0.005-4.32+0.005 and 30.74+0.025-309.41+0.043 (mg/l). Respectively. The extraction of these leaves in water has strongly altered the entire physiochemical parameter of drinkable water. These variations does not show any definite correlation. However when compared with the WHO permissible level despite the variations over 85% of the values were within the permissible limits. Thus these extract may not pose any danger with respect to physicochemical properties except for acidity. Thus one may apply caution when consuming these extract.