Electrical and Electronics

In the present era real time security is of prime priority for any organization, corporate institutions, firms and various confederacy agencies. The idea is to design and develop an exhaustive real-time security system that will provide multifarious verification levels for enhanced security.The system uses a series of confirmation phases which includes identification, authentication, access granting and information updating and logging.In this project various components like microcontroller, Radio frequency Identification technology, GSM technology, and access control system will be integrated so as to achieve a real-time security system. This project is more secure than any other security system because the administrator will be provided with the logging information about the access moreover the passwords generated by the microcontroller will be random and hence cannot be tracked thus making the system not possible to hack

This paper presents the solution to the problem of grid voltage instability during occurrence of fault, on a system connected with wind turbine - driven doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) which supplies alternating current (AC) power to the utility grid. Here, two pulse width modulated voltage source converters are connected back to back between the rotor terminals and utility grid via common direct current (DC) link. The grid side converter controls the power flow between the DC bus and the AC side. It allows the system to be operated in sub-synchronous and super synchronous mode of operation. The rotor excitation is provided by the machine side converter. The model makes use of d-q rotor reference frame using dynamic vector approach for machine model. The controller was implemented by the orientation of the generator stator flux vector along a synchronous reference axis. In this way, constant voltage and frequency was obtained and the generator would supply the active and reactive power demanded for the voltage correction by the load, while the wind turbine will be responsible for achieving power balance in the system. The system is modelled and simulated in the Matlab Simulink environment in such a way that it can be suited for modelling of all types of induction generator configurations. The results of the simulations show that DFIG wind turbines improved the voltage stability of the system through its ability to control reactive power and decouple control of active and reactive power by independently controlling the rotor excitation current especially during fault.

In the latest development of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system, the system performance can be distracted by the frequency offsets (FOs) which can demolish the orthogonality of the subcarriers, and hence leads to a number of impairments in the received signal, thereby making its detection incorrect. In this paper, a new threshold-based frequency offset estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. Through a detailed analysis and simulation over AWGN channel, it has been shown that the proposed method shows good performance i.e. it offers low error variance as the SNR (signal to noise ratio) increases.

Fourth-Generation (4G) wireless networks will be heterogeneous, integrating different networks to provide continuous access for mobile users with multi mode access capability. The Fourth Generation communications systems is all about a global wireless communications system and defines a cost effective, simple, operable and personalized according to the users’ needs concept. The vertical handoff requirements are potential of the network, network cost, handoff latency, network conditions, power consumption and user’s preference. These must be considered during vertical handoff. In this research paper a new vertical handoff decision based on ARM & AI Techniques is designed. A refined, intelligent Associative Rule Mining (ARM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technique is used to execute the vertical handoff intelligent mechanism in fourth generation wireless networks to produce an effective service which reduces the handoff delay and complexity.

This research describes a mammographic lesions using wavelet based active contour model. The sensitivity of the breast cancer detection was analyzed by mammography. Wavelet based decomposition techniques are used and tested for decomposing the noise present in the mammographic lesions. Gabor filtering method is used to reduce the unwanted noise obtained in the mammographic lesions by automated segmentation. The experimental results are tested with the MATLAB and proved reliable and cost effective.

Determination of optimum turning parameters in turning operations is one of the important tasks of process planners. The importance of this task is due to the fact that the values of turning parameters affect such objectives as turning time, turning cost and surface roughness. Thus, this problem is a multi-objective decision-making issue meaning that a parameter setting which satisfactorily achieves one of these objectives, it may not be good with respect to other objectives. Therefore, a rational compromise is to be made among these objectives. This paper determines the best cutting parameters considering relevant constraints in turning operations using a genetic algorithm coupled with an Analytic Hierarchy Process approach. The main stages of the proposed approach are two folds: (a) the non-dominated turning parameters being in the Pareto frontier are identified through a genetic algorithm, and (b) the AHP method is used to select the most suitable values for turning parameters from amongst the non-dominated solutions obtained in the first stage. Application of the proposed approach is demonstrated though an illustrative numerical example.

Regulation and controllability have been an important aspect of the industrial motor drives. The three-phase induction machine has been the motor of choice in industrial settings for about the past decade due to its easy speed and torque controllability. Its ruggedness and low cost cum other inherent features thus necessitated the quest to study its operating behavior. This work highlighted the mathematical modeling of an induction motor specifically in the stationary reference frame. The induction motor parameters and the generated equations were used to form the embedded MATLAB function which in turn was used to generate graphs that illustrate the performance of a 5HP motor. The torque –speed response among other characteristics were fully simulated thus resulting to a sound study of the performance characteristics of a three phase 5HP induction motor using MATLAB/Simulink.

As we know radium cutting through PC is readily available from that, we got the idea of our project i.e. "Low cost, thermocol cutter". In this project the microcontroller is the backbone of the hardware circuitry. All the controlling actions are done by the micro controller. A hot rod basically the soldering gun is used for cutting purpose. Here, the thermocol is not actually cut, but it is melted at a specified temperature with the help of soldering gun. So this project is used for cutting different figures and shapes as per the program of the micro controller. Optocouplers are used to provide isolation between the micro controller and the hardware circuitry. Stepper motors are used for controlling the different directions of different axis. Thickness of the thermocol will depend upon the length of the cutter and its heating capacity. Alphabets and numerical are generally cut using this project but figures of all shapes and sizes can be cut up to the limit of the work platform.

The problem of capacitor allocation in electric distribution systems involves maximizing energy and peak power loss reductions by means of capacitors installation. This paper presents a novel approach using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to determine suitable candidates' nodes in a distribution system for capacitor placement. The problem formulation considers two distinct objectives related to total cost of power loss and total cost of capacitors including the purchase and installation costs. The proposed method of this article uses RL for sizing and placing of capacitors in radial distribution feeders. The proposed method has been implemented in a software package and its effectiveness has been verified through a 9-bus radial distribution feeder, 34-bus radial distribution feeder along with 33-bus and 66-bus distribution systems. A comparison has been done among the proposed method of this paper and similar methods in other research works that shows the effectiveness of the proposed method of this paper for solving optimum capacitor planning problem.

The necessity of power and its dependency has grown exponentially over the years. The tremendous demand has increased the focus on minimizing power losses. One of the major problems in transmission lines is the occurrence of fault that affects the quality of electricity supply. Fault location detection is therefore the key to reliable operation of power equipments and satisfactory service delivery with minimum interruption. This need has given rise to fault location techniques so that the economic impact of fault occurrences can be mitigated with appropriate corrective measures. A numerous methods have been developed and used over the years for transmission line fault locations. This paper opts for the applicability of impedance based fault distance estimation on transmission lines. This was achieved by modelling the transmission line and simulating it using Simulink while the algorithm was written using MATLAB codes. The experimental studies indicated that this approach is reliable for rapid and correct identification of various fault locations.