Mechanical Engineering

Science and technology have made amazing developments in the design of electronics and machinery using standard materials, which do not have particularly special properties (i.e. steel, aluminum, gold). One can imagine the range of possibilities, which exist for special materials that have properties, which scientists can manipulate according to the need. Some such materials have the ability to change shape or size simply by adding a little bit of heat, or to change from a liquid to a solid almost instantly when near a magnet; these materials are called smart materials. Varieties of smart materials already exist, and are being researched extensively. These include piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheostatic materials, electro-rheostatic materials, and shape memory alloys. Some everyday items are already incorporating smart materials (coffeepots, cars, the International Space Station, eyeglasses) and the number of applications for them is growing steadily. Each individual type of smart material has a different property which can be significantly altered, such as viscosity, volume, and conductivity. The property that can be altered influences what types of applications the smart material can be used. This paper deals with the recent development of smart materials particularly piezoelectric materials and its usage for the micro machines.

Belt conveyor system is the transportation of material from one location to another location. Belt conveyor has high load carrying capacity (upto 30000 t/h), large length of conveying path (upto 3-4 km), simple design, easy maintenance and high reliability of operation. Belt conveyor system is also used various industries such as the material transport in foundry shop like supply and distribution of moulding sand, moulds and removal of waste, coal and mining industry, sugar industry, agricultural industry, bagasse industry, fuel industry etc. . In this paper the study is carried out on DISA pattern moulding machine to meet the requirement of higher weight castings. From the DISA specification the belt conveyor system is designed by using different standards like CEMA (Conveyor Equipment Manufacture’s Association) standards, some handbooks of belt conveyor system etc. then this parameter are verified by using Belt Comp software. The result got from the Belt Comp software is in close agreement of theoretical results. After the design the manufacturing is done and the installation is done on the manufacturer’s site. The trials are carried out on the belt conveyor system successfully and the problems occurs during the trials are overcome in the analysis by taking proper steps. The present discussion aims to Trial and Analysis on belt conveyor system.

Mechanical Properties such as tensile strength, yield strength Impact strength etc and microstructure of weldment of various steels are too much affected by the shielding gases. Shielding gases play an important role during the welding process.it cannot be over look. In this review paper an attempt has to be made to explain the effect of shielding gases on the mechanical properties and metallurgical properties of a weldment. The coarse-grained weld microstructure, higher heat-affected zone, and lower penetration together with higher reinforcement reduce the weld service life in continuous mode gas metal arc welding (GMAW). It is observed that weld bead geometry and penetration is too much affected by the use of shielding gas. This brief review illustrates the effect of shielding gases on weld quality

In order to manufacture any product at desired quality of machining, optimum parameters are to be selected for machining. The aim of the present work is to optimization of the process parameters (Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth of cut) for machining the Bearing cap having interrupted cuts. Computer Aided Mass Balancing (CAMB) methodology is used for determining the counterweight for rotary fixture. The performance characteristics are studied by using the orthogonal array, signal-to-noise ratio, and the ANOVA from Taguchi method for interrupted cuts of boring operation and effect of Cutting force for balanced and unbalanced rotary fixture.

Since ages, copper and its alloys have found extensive applications in manufacture of bushes and bearings, heat transfer conductors, high conductivity electrical contactors and so on. However, currently, in all these applications, there is a significant enhancement in the service loads, wear resistance, conductivity and thus forcing the material researchers to develop a newer class of copper based advanced materials. In this direction, researchers have focused their attention on improving the strength and the tribological properties copper. The present investigation aims to evaluate the effect of deformation and heat treatment on the sliding wear and friction behavior of copper using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine, giving emphasis on the parameters such as wear rate and coefficient of friction as a function of sliding distance (0– 2000 m) at constant applied Pressure of 0.2 MPa and at a fixed sliding speed of 3.35 m/s, characterizing the deformed and heat treated copper samples in terms of microstructure, micro hardness and wear surface analysis through scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the highly deformed copper exhibited superior wear resistance properties than the as received copper, while the coefficient of friction followed an opposite trend. Moreover, the wear rate of the copper, heat treated at above recrystallisation temperature is noted to be invariant to the sliding distance and decreased with increasing degree of deformation. Microstructure of as received copper shows fairly uniaxial grains in the matrix where as highly deformed copper shows elongated grains in the structure. The wear mechanism of the investigated materials was studied through worn surfaces examination of the developed wear tracks.

The paper reflects, machine designed and developed by authors that suit medium sized farmer and farm industrialist holding only few acres of land. It has been designed and developed by CMERI, Durgapur, India, in collaboration with NIF(National Innovation Foundation, Ahmedabad, India). A number of crops i.e., wheat, and pulse like soybean, gram have been successfully reaped(harvested), and, concurrently the m/c is ready to undergo reliability&feasibility trial/inspection/check, desired for an Agri Machinery. It will be indigenously get checked for Nation wide R&D standard. The system is designed by inculcating years of expertise in this stream. There is a keen observation by designer to simplify assembling/disassembly and maintenance/ operations/ of picker reel, cutter link & blade, roll & push type auger and simplest possible bevel PTO. This prototype is a foolproof machine, designed with consideration of global knowhow of scientific mechanisms of this stream. The basic research work has been done thoroughly by selecting adequate technology and scientific calculations in all the assemblies and critical parts e.g. pivots, mounting bearing are analyzed through readymade CAD software as very firmness and strength is desirable. Maximum spare parts have been preferred IS standard (ready stock found vigorously). Right from selecting end support bearing of reel-the foremost unit, Pitmanless tumble and knife link of cutter unit, dowel pin of cross auger(the screw to roll&push the cut crop), and bevel gear&pinion of PTO unit, Indian standards are followed thoroughly. At each and every point while design of various devices in this machine, care has been taken for economy, simplicity and life span into consideration (the value addition). As it is a vital need of the farmers and agriculturists (farm experts), one thing has been fully kept in mind that we should confirm to reliability by judging robustness/longevity of various units, its ease and simplicity while operation and maintenance. Finally, this device could be easily fabricated by a small enterprise, as scientific knowhow is available with the authors. It has been predicted to save final labour, being minimized in the field. Maximum spares parts(more than 70%) can be found as ready stock in the market for running a medium or small scale enterprise.

In this paper, we model the arc welding process by ANSYS software, the defects of weld joints is discussed. Ultrasonic techniques have been used for this purpose. An integrated comprehensive 3D model has been developed to study the transport phenomena in welding.. This includes the arc plasma, droplet generacoppertion, transfer and impingement onto the weld pool, and weld pool dynamics. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound waves to conduct examinations and make measurements. In this paper, T-shaped junction has been modeled in the software environment. The circuit model of an element is used to simulate carbon steel. UltraSonic attachment method has been studied. The optimization model is derived.

Milling operates on the principle of rotary motion. A milling cutter is spun about an axis while a workpiece is advanced through it in such a way that the blades of the cutter are able to shave chips of material with each pass. Milling processes are designed such that the cutter makes many individual cuts on the material in a single run; this may be accomplished by using a cutter with many teeth, spinning the cutter at high speed, or advancing the material through the cutter slowly. Most often it is some combination of the three.

Metal-joining plays an important role in the industry and virtually all servicing and manufacturing concerns, directly and indirectly, benefit from it. However, not all kinds of joining processes are suitable for thin metals and light works due to the sensitivity of light metals to heavy heat, rapid corrosion of most metals at high temperatures and very high quantities of heat energy needed to fuse parts. It has been observed that the heat energy required to melt and establish continuity across parts is even higher with welding and brazing-which utilize fillers of high tensile strengths and melting points-such as iron (0.8% steel-800 MNM-e 1535oc), copper (210 MNM-z 10-83oc) and silver (125MNM-e 961oc). In this study, therefore the cold-brazing Joining technique which does not utilize heat in its operation, was studied using experimental designs. Light copper wires of about 0.01mm diameter, zinc electrode and concentrated zinc tetraoxosulphate (vi) solution (Zn2So4) were used and, results from the investigation and calculations show that thin metals and light parts can be easily joined using cold-Brazing joining technique with energy consumption for depositing a zinc filler of 1kg using high temperature process and the same amount of zinc filler using cold-Bracing, in the ratio of 71:269 KJ. Thus, it is certain that other electrolytically depositable metals with higher tensile strengths and melting points than silver-solders and brass, such as copper, can be used with this technique. And if fully made better, the present innovation will not only rival, but surpass most joining methods.

This paper is focused on selection of optimal parameters in drilling of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) using “Fuzzy Logic”. AMMC samples are prepared based on selected material parameters and drilling experiments are conducted on these samples as per Taguchi OA L27 which is designed based on material and drilling parameters. The experimental results: power consumption, temperature, surface roughness, and burr height are measured for each experimental run. These results are analyzed using Fuzzy Logic and optimal parameters combination is identified. The identified combination of influential factors is tested through confirmation experiment and is satisfactory.