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The efficiency of capital market is one of the most controversial issues in the capital market over the past three decades in financial literature. Today, the capital market in developing countries is considered as a means to increase investment and economic growth and since efficiency is the main and most important characteristic of capital market in each country, it has become one of the most controversial areas of finance and economy research. In this study, performance of Tehran Stock Exchange is examined in the period (Persian date April 2001 to March 2010) on a daily basis, using VAR method. This study is distinct from similar domestic research because the present research examines the efficiency of Tehran Stock Exchange simultaneously with the efficiency of four indices (total, price and dividends, finance and industry) that the results showed that Tehran Stock Exchange does not have efficiency based on four elected indices.

Physical inactivity is a strong predictor of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease and is associated with poor physical functioning. Patients with end-stage renal disease are inactive even compared to sedentary individuals without kidney disease. We sought to analyze the level of physical activity in our chronic hemodialysis patients and to identify patient barriers to physical activity. Adult patients on hemodialysis in the Department of Renal Dialysis and Renal Transplantation at the Mohammed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat were recruited and asked to complete the update Baecke physical activity questionnaire in French named AQAP (Physical Activity Self-Questionnaire) A total of 52 patients participated in the study, the mean age of the patients was 50 years ± 16.55 with extremes ranging from 24 to 76 years, sex ratio (H / F) was 1.1. The majority of participants strongly agreed that a sedentary lifestyle was a health risk and that increasing exercise was a benefit. 23% report having no physical activity. 74% of patients report difficulty in performing significant physical exertion. 17 % of patients report having a regular physical activity and sport. However, 49% of participants reported at least one barrier to physical activity. The most commonly reported barriers were fatigue on dialysis days shortness of breath and depression. Exercise provides beneficial effects in end stage renal disease, our study identified a number of barriers to physical activity that can be addressed in studies aimed at increasing levels of physical activity.

This paper presents exponential dual to ratio and dual to product-type estimators for estimating finite population mean using auxiliary information in double sampling. The expressions for bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators have been derived for two different cases up to the first order approximation. Comparisons have been made with other estimators viz. simple mean per unit estimator, usual ratio estimator Cochran and product estimator Murthy , dual to ratio estimator Kumar and Bahl and dual to product estimator Singh and Choudhury estimator, exponential ratio and product estimators Singh and Vishwakarma in double sampling. Empirical studies have also been carried out to show the merits of the proposed estimators over the existing estimators. It is concluded that the use of proposed estimators should be preferred in practice.

The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate a topical emulsion-gel of a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, choosing Nimesulide as a model drug. Eight formulations were prepared with different concentrations of carbopol 934p as polymer, varying the concentration of tween 80 and adjusting the pH to 6.5 and 8.0.The concentrations of nimesulide and isopropyl myristate were 1% w/w and 10% w/w, respectively in all the formulations. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters. The release studies were carried out by dialysis membrane grade 150 and hairless rabbit skin later compared with marketed product. The formulations were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageen an-induced rat paw oedema model. Subjective analysis of formulations in healthy human volunteers for acceptability was carried out. FT-IR spectra confirm that there is no incompatibility between drug and excipients. The formulation with 1% w/w carbopol 934 P, 10% w/w tween 80 and pH 8.0 was found to possess maximum percentage drug diffusion comparable to marketed preparation. Maximum anti-inflammatory activity was market preparation. The formulations were stable for 60 days as no significant change in physicochemical characteristics and drug release properties were observed. The formulation was found to be acceptable among healthy human volunteers and is comparable to marketed formulation. From the present work, it can be concluded that Nimesulide can be formulated into topical emulsion-gel with better drug release properties and improved pharmacological effect.

The perturbation method and Runge-kutta shooting method has been carried out to study the influence of the effect of exponential viscosity-temperature relation, exponential thermal conductivity-temperature and the combined effects of the variable viscosity and the variable thermal conductivity on steady free convection flow in a vertical channel filled with porous medium. The Darcy-Brinkman model is used to predict the flow in porous medium. The walls are maintained at constant but different temperatures. Numerical results are presented for a wide range of parameters of variable viscosity parameter, variable thermal conductivity parameter, wall temperature ratio, buoyancy parameter and porous parameter on the velocity and temperature fields. Furthermore, the effect of the governing parameters on skin friction and Nusselt number are tabulated. The solutions obtained by Runge-Kutta shooting method are compared with perturbation method solutions and the results agree very well in the absence of buoyancy parameter.

The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of 3, 5-dimethylpiperidine (DMP) was recorded in the region 4000-400cm-1. The Fourier-transform Raman spectrum of DMP was also recorded in the region 3500-50 cm-1. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of DMP were carried out ab initio HF and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6-31+G (d,p) basis set. The difference between the observed and scaled wavenumber values of most of the fundamentals is very small. The values of the total dipole moment (µ) and the first-order hyperpolarizability(?) of the investigated compound were computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated results also show that the DMP might have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamentals is very small. A detailed interpretation of the FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR spectra of DMP was also reported. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to explain the charge transfer or delocalization of charge due to the intra-molecular interactions. Energy of the highest occupied molecular (HOMO) orbital and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital have been predicted. Temperature dependence of various thermodynamic properties like heat capacity, enthalpy, Gibb’s free energy, entropy is increase with increase in temperature.

In this paper, low frequency oscillations in power system under the different operating conditions have been solved through conventional power system stabilizer and PID based power system stabilizer. The tuning of the parameters of the PSSs are considered as optimization problem, and the parameters are tuned using genetic search algorithm. Here forth –order linear and non-linear model of the synchronous machine (model 1.1) which includes both the generator main field winding and the damper winding in q-axis is considered for finding out the sensitivity of electromechanical modes of single machine infinite bus system. The effectiveness of automatic voltage controller, and Conventional and PID -power system stabilizer are identified through eigen value analysis and participation factor method. The non-linear simulation results show the effectiveness and capability of two schemes of PSS for power system stability improvement under various disturbances.

This paper analysed the possibility of expansion of Nekede Mechanic-Village gully located in Imo State Nigeria using Geotechnical tests method. The gully site is located on longitude 7o 2’ 6”E and latitude 5o 27’ 46”N. The analysis of the Geotechnical tests showed that Site Areas 3 and 4 are structurally week and susceptible to erosion due to their poor Shear Strength and Bulk Density values – in addition to being Non-Plastic. In contrast, site areas 1 and 2 are relatively stable. Sites 3 and 4 are located close to residential areas thus demanding desperate attention from government agencies before the expanding gully wreaks havoc.

Hamartomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the lung. We report a case of huge pulmonary hamartoma of the left lower lobe in a 33-year-old female patient. The pulmonary hamartoma was solid, measuring 30 x 16.5 x 14.5 cm, closing a cystic and calcium component. It was successfully treated by surgical resection and the final histology was a pulmonary hamartoma with no signs of malignancy. we report a new case of a giant hamartochondroma very little described in the literature

It is well known that a dynamical system is a concept in mathematics where a fixed rule describes how a point in a geometrical space depends on time. A mathematical models is a precise representation of a system's dynamics used to answer questions via analysis and simulation. Mathematica models allow us to reason about a system and make predictions about who a system will behave. Contact geometry is the odd-dimensional analogue of symplectic geometry. It is close to symplectic geometry and like the latter it originated in questions of classical and analytical mechanics. If contact geometry is considered as a symplectic geometry, it has broad applications in mathematical physics, geometrical optics, classical mechanics, analytical mechanics, mechanical systems, thermodynamics, geometric quantization and applied mathematics such as control theory. It is well known fact that one way of solving problems in classical mechanics occur with the help of the Hamilton equations. Hamiltonian method is particularly important because of its utility in formulating quantum mechanics. In this study, Hamilton equations as representive the object motion were found on a contact 5-manifolds. Also, implicit solutions of the differential equations found in this study are solved by Maple computation program.