Mechanical Engineering

A computational study on performance and emission characteristics of single cylinder, four stroke SI engine operating on ethanol-gasoline blends was carried out on AVL BOOST at different compression ratios. In this paper Vibe two zone model was selected for the study of combustion analysis and simulation were carried out for different blends of ethanol and gasoline i.e. from 0% to 30% of ethanol by volume with the increment of 10. The computational results show that gasoline fuel produces more power and torque than E10, E20 and E30. Whereas there is a considerable decrease in the emission of HC and CO but NOX increases with increase in ethanol content.

The actual move bottom associated with rotor techniques, corresponding because helicopters, wind generators as well as propellers, includes a vortex multiply which is created by the pickup disbursement down the blades. Due to the co-action involving the vortex variables a new roll-up system adapts throughout instantly following vortex multiply is actually created, which often builds up corporation tip in addition to main vortices within the adjoining near-wake bottom your rotor. The actual roll-up system is actually centrally manipulated by the co-action legislations associated with Biot Savrt. In exceptional situations, your tip/root vortex system is actually alterable, in addition to oncoming in order to different lack of stability approaches the item by the way crumbles decrease in addition to commences small-scale disturbance in addition to downstream. The actual wake up can certainly normally possibly be alienated directly into 2 asymmetric areas, close to wake up in addition to a lot wake up. Near-wake variables tend to be accompanied on the starting up on the vortex system the spot that the living on the rotor is actually detected expressively throughout the putting your unit together on the vortex system. The actual a lot wake up is often your downstream route the spot that the wake up design no longer depends on distinct rotor capabilities as well as the spot that the move offers discontinued decrease and is particularly manipulated through small-scale disturbance. The actual start skepticism, while, are actually the best way to examine your relationship concerning near-wake design in addition to far-wake conduct. The actual design on the wake up offers used approaches with the aerodynamic conduct associated with helicopters (Bolnot 2010) in addition to wind generators (Vermeer, Sorensen & Crespo 2008) as well as pertaining to deliver propellers (Breslin & Andersen 1996).

In the realistic situation, the total expenditure on the inventory may be limited to certain extent for a store house to maintain inventory of multiple items having independent ordering costs and holding costs. That is, less than a predetermined maximum permissible amount which may be vague to certain extent. In fact all the parameters in an inventory model are normally variable, uncertain and imprecise. These fuzzy variables like objective goal, costs and constraints are considered with linear and parabolic membership functions in fuzzy logic and the model is solved by fuzzy non-linear programming method using Lagrange multipliers and illustrated with numerical examples.

This study evaluated the performance the of Afam IV and V gas turbine power plant over a period of nine years in order to ascertain its suitability as option for power generation in the region. The study reveals that only 12.01% of the installed capacity was available throughout the period of study. The percentage shortfall of energy generated ranged from 70.69% - 98.49% against an international best practice of 5% - 10%. The load factor of the plant was at an average of 41% against an acceptable value of 80%. The plant use factor is 23.5%. The capacity factor ranged from 1.5% to 29.3% against an international best practice of 50% to 80%, while the utilization factor is 29.3%. During the period under review, the plant was expected to generate 57237.84GWh of Energy, it generated 6873.6GWh amounting to a generation loss of 87.99%.This analysis revealed that the running of the gas turbine as an option for power generation in the region is not reliable.

The originality of a design is directly proportional to the time taken to make it, but from the financial perspective this can cost the organisation a fortune, owing to the competition that it has to face in the live market. It is for this reason that many organisations tend to look for designs that are already available to be used as a reference so that they can build their design on those lines. What matters is the originality of the reverse-engineered design. It is indeed a challenge that shall be attempted to be presented through this paper. The paper shall introduce certain basic concepts like reverse engineering, originality of designs, customer specific mindset and shall thereafter elaborate certain factors that greatly affect reverse engineering, which include technical, commercial and practical aspects. The output of reverse engineering thus done maintaining originality shall be understood from the viewpoints of technical feasibility, commercial viability and manufacturability from the practical perspective. This paper shall stress upon the challenges that a designer needs to face while carrying out reverse engineering and the balance that needs to be maintained between cost, originality and optimum parameters. In addition to these topics, this paper shall also try to present certain risk and opportunity analyses so that a complete picture of the concept can be drawn. The paper shall conclude with the summary of challenges and the means to mitigate the same so as to ensure that a reverse-engineered product does not happen to be a replica of another design but becomes an optimised design by itself.

The need for flexible processes is increasing day by day. It permits rapid low cost switching from one product line to another. This is possible with flexible workers whose multiple skills would develop the ability to switch easily from one kind of task to another. As main resources, flexible processes and flexible workers would create flexible plants which can adapt to changes in real time increase in production using movable equipment, knockdown walls and easily accessible and re-routable utilities. In this paper a real time simulation is done to find out the optimum values of production and operation variables.

Environmental and Ecological issues call for the reduction in usage of cutting fluids in metal cutting industry. New techniques are being inquired to achieve this objective. Hard turning with minimum quantity lubrication is one such technique which can alleviate the pollution problems associated with cutting fluids. In the present work, vegetable oil based cutting fluids like castor oil, palm oil and ground nut oil is made to drop at tool-work interface using over-head system. The present paper deals with experimental investigation carried out for machinability study of hardened AISI D3 steel in combination with CVD coated cemented carbide inserts of different styles and to obtain optimum process parameters using Deng’s similarity approach. An orthogonal array, overall performance index and analysis of variance ( ANOVA) are applied to study the performance of process parameters such as insert style, cutting fluid cutting speed, feed and depth of cut with consideration of quality characteristics i.e., surface roughness, material removal rate and specific energy. Finally a clear presentation is made for Deng’s approach

Drying is one of the most practical and traditional methods of preserving the quality of agricultural products. Solar dryer is the application of solar energy and numerous types of solar dryers have been designed and developed in various parts of the world, yielding varying degrees of technical performance. The problem with the solar energy is that it is intermittent and has a period of shinning. This problem makes most solar dryer ineffective and leads to moisture re-absorption and also prolong the period of drying, thereby affect the properties of the dried product. To solve this problem, granite stone painted black to absorb heat from the solar collector was provided to increase the drying period and improve product quality. This was placed immediately below the flat plate collector for storing the heat from the absorber. The heat stored by the rock was used later for drying when the solar energy is not available. The dryer was tested loaded and unloaded and the temperature of the cabinet and solar collector was measured with the help of k-type thermocouple connected to 12 channel temperature recorder at every hour. Tomatoes, sliced into 2mm thick were used when the dryer was loaded and the weight was measured at every one hour. Drying time was extended by 3 h and thereby reduces the drying period. Physical observation of dried tomatoes looks attractive. The drying chamber efficiency and overall system efficiency are 50.37% and 51.40% respectively.

This present paper explores the way in which the cellular manufacturing can help a selected manufacturing company for a selected Machining Center, a highly flexible shop with many different customers choice and products, achieve improved performance and customer satisfaction. The environment in which the product of selected company operates today is very different from the one in which it has historically succeeded. The decline in heavy commercial vehicle spending has increased the importance of cost or affordability in a decision process which previously emphasized the incorporation of state-of-the-art technology into new products in the heavy auto industry. In addition, the heavy vehicle industry consolidation is producing fewer companies competing fiercely for a piece of a decreasing pie. Therefore, Product of demand from master companies’ success depends on its ability to exceed customers’ expectations through superior performance, by delivering high quality products in a timely manner, with shorter lead-times and lower costs.

The AWJM is widely used to process the different materials. The material considered for the experimental study is commercial aluminum, mild steel and EN8. The operating parameters, namely pressure, cutting speed and abrasive flow rate are varied during to find its effect on metal removal rate. Attempt is made to establish relationship between operating parameters and material removal rate by using regression analysis & ANOVA. Experimental study is performed to validate the results. It is observed that pressure & abrasive flow rate are the most significant parameters that affect the material removal rate in AWJM.