Electrical and Electronics

A versatile low-voltage CMOS Fuzzifier circuit with a trapezoidal transconductance characteristic and independently programmable slope, height and horizontal position is designed in 0.35 m standard CMOS technology. The proposed circuit uses adaptive biasing linearization techniques to achieve wide tuning range. Simulation results using HSPICE and level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) that verify the functionality of circuit with 1.5 V supply are presented.

Using fuzzy logic controller automatic braking system for automobiles is proposed. The response of the system will be simulated by using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB. The purpose of this controller is to brake a car when the car approaches for an obstacle at a specific range. For this, the Fuzzy Logic Controller is design using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB. The system uses six rules and three membership function. The two parameters such as distance and speed will be observed. Output of the controller will determine the force of the car brake. Then PIC microcontroller is used to control servo motor based on detection pulse information to push pedal brake to brake the car and reduce the speed to maintain the safety distance between the front vehicles.

This paper presents power flow analysis of radial and meshed distribution systems taking into consideration of uncertain variations in load and line parameters. Interval arithmetic technique is used to model the power flow equations of distribution system to obtain the bus voltages and line active and reactive power flows. INTLAB Toolbox [14] is used to obtain the Hull of voltage profiles, line active and reactive power flows and line losses. Here we have studied the case of voltage profile, which is the key factor in deciding the active and reactive power flows in each line. The developed algorithm has been studied by considering Radial Distribution test systems of 15-Bus, 30-Bus, 33-Bus and 69-Bus available in the literature. The authors have verified the results obtained by the respective test systems with the developed algorithm for base case load and line data. The developed algorithm is easily modifiable to study the weakly meshed distribution system and this has been demonstrated for 33-Bus and 69-Bus test systems for which the Hull voltage profiles have been presented.

Intelligent driver systems and vehicle connectivity have made systems like RFID based traffic control systems, automatic collision notification obsolete. In addition to collision notification, cooperative collision avoidance and other applications using connectivity between the vehicle and signalized intersections have emerged. Applications avoiding collisions, enhancing fuel economy and reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) are the subject of this paper. The interaction between vehicle and traffic management systems could revolutionize the traffic problems of a crowded metropolitan city. This paper will employ connectivity as an enabling technology for sustaining the vision of smart and green transportation systems.

In the present study, the objective was to study the synthesis and analyse the zinc oxide nanoparticles from Anisochilus carnosus leaf extract. The study revealed that the plant extract possessed significant phytochemicals. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract and analysed using UV, FTIR, SEM and XRD. Different functional groups were found to be present indicating the presence of diverse compounds in the extract. The zinc oxide nanoparticles also possessed potent antibacterial activity against many pathogenic organisms.

The global electrical energy consumption is rising and there is a steady increase of the demand on the power capacity, efficient production, distribution and utilization of energy. Power electronics, the technology of efficiently processing electric power, play an essential part in the integration of the dispersed generating stations for higher efficiency and better performance of the power systems. This project deals with the simulation of grid connected inverter for Photovoltaic applications. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique has been adopted for generating pulses for the two level inverter. The entire system comprising of Photovoltaic array (PVA) and two level inverter has been developed in Mat lab-Simulink. The PVA model characteristics including the effects of temperature and solar irradiation change on maximum power point are also presented in this paper. The inverter output has been synchronized with the grid using d-q theory and the power flow is controlled at 200kw. Finally, the inverter has been tested in grid connected mode.

The key factor in video processing is the Video Compression (VC) which makes video signal to be processed and stored efficiently. Video compression involves complex algorithms such as Motion Estimation (ME). The hardware implementation of motion estimation has a trade-off between area, speed and Power Dissipation (PD). This paper implements high speed low complexity Variable Block Size Motion Estimation (VBSME) for H.264 standard using verilog coding on Altera Stratix – IV Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) (EP4SGX70DF29C2X) device, using parallel and pipeline timing approach to achieve high speed and the low complexity for High Definition Television (HDTV) system. The proposed work computes all 41 vectors of various block sizes during 180 clock cycles with less complexity using only 46 Processing unit Elements (PEs) and achieves a maximum operating frequency of 486.62 MHz.

Here, a equilateral triangular shaped circular feed network is designed. This circular feed network can radiate in eight different directions. This radiation is depending on four inputs ports which are excited. It can cover wide area within upper hemisphere. This antenna is designed in such a way that it is useful for any applicable GHz ISM band frequency and utilizes a suspended FR4 substrate. For this antenna we used positive microstrip elements, so that it will make easy to manufacture.

In this research, optimization of electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters for conducting textile composite materials through Taguchi design and ANOVA has been reported. The electromagnetic shielding tester process parameters were selected to optimize the EMSE. The effect of the size of the test Conductive Textile Material Composite sample on EMSE, effect of distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna on EMSE, effect of distance between the Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and receiving antenna on EMSE, and effect of RH% on EMSE were analyzed and optimized by Taguchi design and ANOVA. It was observed that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of conductive textile Composite materials were dominantly influenced by Conductive Textile Material Composite sample size and significantly influenced by distance between Conductive Textile Material Composite sample and transmitting antenna.

Binary pseudo random noise sequences are sequences of 1’s and 0’s having properties which make them appear to be noise-like but yet are deterministic. The NO-Kumar sequences were discovered by Jong-Seon No and P.V.Kumar and are known to have optimal correlation properties and a large linear span. The families of NO sequences are periodic with period = 2n-1 where ‘n’ is an even integer and contain within them a GMW sequence and also small set of Kasami sequences as special case. In this paper we investigate the properties of these sequences such as balance, run and even correlation properties. Odd correlation properties of these sequences which are not described in the NO-Kumar paper are also highlighted. The sequences are first simulated in MATLAB and then implemented by writing a Verilog code on the Nexys 4 FPGA board.