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In this paper we presents a method for handling multiple metrics and different network parameters simultaneously to analyze the loss factor of routing protocols in mobile ad hoc network(MANET) environments. We have used Taguchi’ loss function to determine the best parameters giving maximum throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average delay, DROP and routing over head simultaneously for AODV protocol. In this paper we have consider various different mobile ad hoc network parameters such as Terrain size, No of Nodes, No of source nodes, Packet transmission rate, Node speed, Pause time, Transmission range, Queue size, Antenna height and receiving power on a multiple signal to noise ratio (MNSR), performance and contribution level of parameters have been analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The analysis of results shows that the parameters which more affecting the AODV performance in mobile ad hoc networks are Queue size, Receiving power, Source node, Packet transmission rate, Antenna height and transmission range.

Bacteriocin production and activities potentials of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional fermented foods (“Ugba”, pap, fermented cassava and ‘Kunu zaki’) were studied. Serial dilution of each of the samples was performed and 0.1ml of appropriate dilution was streaked on De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar containing 50mg of nystatin for the isolation of LAB. Forty five LAB isolates were recovered from samples and were screened for bacteriocin production by the Agar Well Diffusion assay and two best bacteriocin producers characterized by molecular method as Lactobacillus tucceti CECT 5920 and Lactobacillus mindensis TMW were tested for their biotechnological potentials. Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 cultures were used as test pathogens. L. tucceti CECT 5920 and L. mindensis had the same level of bacteriocin production and antimicrobial activity (P<0.05). Temperature had more effect on bacteriocin activity on L. tucceti CECT 5920 against S. aureus NCTC 8325 and E. coli 0157:H7 while pH had same effects on both LAB isolates and pathogens. Both LAB isolates had highest effect from NaCl against E. coli 0157:H7 at 0.2% concentration. Crude bacteriocin samples treated with pepsin had no sensitivity against the test pathogens. Storage had decreasing effect on bacteriocin activity from both LAB isolates. L. tucceti CECT 5920 was sensitive to Cotrimoxazole while L mindensis TMW was resistant to all the antibiotics tested. L. tucceti CECT 5920 gave better results in all the biotechnological potentials tested, thus, the two LAB isolates may perform well in industrial processes. Key words: Activity, bacteriocin, fermented foods, lactic acid bacteria, pathogens.

An experimental investigation of applying a magnetic field and a radiation source horizontally with the direction of alloy once and vertically in another, current range passing through alloy is (1-3) AMP. The increase in temperature will lead to reduce electrical conductivity. The increase in input power causes an increase in output power. The increasing in magnetic field intensity will increase alloy efficiency. The increase in radiation time will increase alloy efficiency. The increase in magnetic field intensity in the presence of radiation will increase the alloy efficiency.

The aim of this paper was to study the impacts of a type of learning strategy, which was computer-assisted concept mapping, on EFL learners' reading comprehension. The research question was whether computer-assisted concept mapping technique had any notable effect on EFL students’ reading comprehension. To this end, students based on their scores in TOEFL proficiency test were divided into two experimental and control groups. A computer-assisted concept mapping learning strategy was presented to the experimental group learners. Through an independent sample t-test, it was proved that the computer-assisted concept mapping learning strategy improved the participants' reading comprehension in the experimental group.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and use of English lexical collocations and their relation to the speaking proficiency among upper- intermediate to advanced Iranian EFL learner students at Sadr Institute of higher Education. It is worth mentioning that all of the students had already passed placement test and were preparing themselves for IELTS exam. Data for the study were collected from 20 students. The participants were asked to take 2 tests .The first one was a lexical collocational test for estimating the knowledge of lexical collocation. Another one was an IELTS speaking test, to collect the participants ‘use of lexical collocation and understanding their speaking fluency. Data analysis for correlations between the subjects’ knowledge of lexical collocations and their speaking proficiency showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between students ‘knowledge of lexical collocation and their speaking proficiency in IELTS success. Current study concluded that knowledge of lexical collocation play a significant role in develop speaking proficiency particularly in IELTS exam.

Women have certain physiological, mental, sexual and social conditions which expose them against more vulnerability due to criminality. In addition to cultural, social and fundamental initiatives to decrease situations prone to victimization, it is necessary to give importance to a differential penal policy foe combating women victimization inside the family. Present paper only addresses the crimes that are related to family against women. Deceitful in marriage, not registering marriage or divorce event, home violence against women, refusing alimony, marriage with immature girls and so on need a certain penal policy since they relate to family. After mentioning the status quo and the way of criminalization as well as reaction against criminals, the legal and judicial deficiencies and challenges are studied and discussed below. Overall, Iranian Penal Policy has remarkable progressed in supporting women albeit we have not yet seen a total and comprehensive penal support in Iranian laws concerning current legal and judicial system and the procedures related to this field. There are gaps in criminalization and determining the punishments and, despite of the necessity of penal supports for women in families, one should not neglect its negative impacts on family stability and challenges confronting with improper penal supports.

Since the beginning of recorded history, men have always emphasized gender differences. The sexes differ visibly in some physical characteristics. In traditional society, work/role ascription was highly affected by physical, sex differences. Males did the hunting and fighting while the women did work which could be combined with baby-care-work which was receptive, interruptible and calling for no great physical strength. This had the effect of assigning most of the adventurous and exciting work to men and most of the drudgery to women. This paper seeks to examine the connection between Gender and educational development in the society at large, including Nigeria, x-raying specifically, how Gender inequality in the world affects the educational development of a society especially, Nigeria.

Student performance is the result of the interaction between the students and the instructional environment; and teachers can reasonably accommodate most of the students’ needs after analyzing student learning needs. Good teachers are surely aware of the students’ needs.(Douglas D Christensen ,Ph.D)In this study, we like to investigate the relationship between teachers’ ability and awareness of their students’ needs. Participants are 40 teachers (male and female) that teach English in foreign language institutes and 160 students who are in Intermediate level. This study was performed in Khorasan and Torsys foreign languages institutes in Kashmar. Participants were given questionnaires and asked to answer the questions. This research uses information from both teachers and students to explore the relationship between students’ needs and awareness of teachers’ ability. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 13.After analyzing the data, it was clear than there is a significant correlation between teachers' ability and awareness of the students' needs.

At the heart of a human being are emotions, feelings, and the behavioral manifestations that come from those inner stirrings. Emotional information plays a critical role in our working lives since the relationships we form are governed by rules of behavior – of cooperation and dominance, among others – that are triggered by our emotions. Before the 1990s, EI had been an overlooked part of human nature – recognized intuitively sometimes, but not examined according to rigorous, scientific criteria. The new scientific idea behind EI is that human beings process emotional information; they comprehend and utilize emotional information about social relationships. This idea was launched in two 1990 scientific articles by Peter Salovey and myself. Daniel Goleman’s successful popularization of those early articles on emotional intelligence, and the related work of many other scientists, led to a great deal of popular discussion of the idea. This popular notion of EI as anything but IQ has created a new management fad. Unfortunately, the faddish appeal of emotional intelligence has encouraged many people engaged in otherwise legitimate business consultation to include a wide variety of approaches and concepts under the umbrella emotional intelligence. Emotional Intelligence is increasingly relevant to organizational development and developing people, because the EQ principles provide a new way to understand and assess people's behaviors, management styles, attitudes, interpersonal skills, and potential. Emotional Intelligence is an important consideration in human resources planning, job profiling, recruitment interviewing and selection, management development, customer relations and customer service, and more. Emotional Intelligence links strongly with concepts of love and spirituality: bringing compassion and humanity to work, and also to 'Multiple Intelligence' theory which illustrates and measures the range of capabilities people possess, and the fact that everybody has a value. The EQ concept argues that IQ, or conventional intelligence, is too narrow; that there are wider areas of Emotional Intelligence that dictate and enable how successful we are. Success requires more than IQ (Intelligence Quotient), which has tended to be the traditional measure of intelligence, ignoring essentials behavioral and character elements. We've all met people who are academically brilliant and yet are socially and inter-personally inept. And we know that despite possessing a high IQ rating, success does not automatically follow.

Amit Chaudhuri's first Novel A Strange and Sublime Address won the Betty Trask Award (1991) and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book (1992) and was short-listed for the-Guardian Fiction prize (1991). In 1993, Afternoon Raag won the Southern Arts Literature Prize and won the Encore Award for Best Second Novel. Freedom Song was published in 1998 and won the Los Angeles Book Prize for Fiction (2000). His recent novel, A New World was published to great acclaim in the year 2000. His latest Book Real Time (2002), includes a number of short stories set in Bombay and Calcutta, some of which have been published in The London Review of Books, The Time Literary Supplement and The New Yorker. He is also the editor of the Picador Book of Modem Indian Literature published by Picador in 2001. He lives in Calcutta with his wife and daughter. The theme of the novel A Strange and Sublime Address deals with myriad impressions of life etched vividly in the consciousness of Sandeep, a Bombay based ten year old Bengali boy during the summer vacations he spends in the house of his youngest maternal uncle Chottamama in Calcutta. The random and banal occurrences of his day to day life such as baths, meals, outing, shopping, games, watching the adult routine, rituals, household chores and so on form the subject of the novel. Afternoon Raag tells the story of a young English Literature student at Oxford University, whose obsession with music is matched only by his equally obsessive memories and hallucinations. The ‘raag’ is not only an allusion to the musical tastes, but also a reference to the substance of the novel and its poetic and musical prose. The book might have got its title from an experience of an afternoon, when the narrator bought his first tanpura and tuned it with his Guru. The theme of his third novel A New World deals with the ordinary family life of Jayojit Chatterjee. The central character of the novel is Jayojit Chatteijee. He is a successful economist, a writer and university lecturer. He travels with his son Vikram to Calcutta from the United States to visit Jayojit’s parents for two months in the sweltering premonsoon season. Jayojit had recently finalized a divorce between himself and Vikram’s mother Amala. The divorce was stressful, but Jayojit and his exwife were able to reach a reasonable agreement concerning the joint custody of their son. Jayojit’s father a retired Admiral, has kept English as his language to perpetuate his membership of a ruling class. His mother busies herself with tasks done by servants in the days of plenty. Chaudhuri’s beautiful novels offer delicate tableaux of these characters. They whisper their visions to the readers with an eerie intimacy and power.