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At present study first, some physical properties of four varieties of peanut (pod and kernel) were measured at initial moisture content. Afterwards, the required force for initial rupturing of the peanut kernels under compression loading was determined as a function of kernel moisture content (between 7 and 35% w.b.) and compression load direction. The compression load was applied laterally containing the suture line (direction 1), perpendicular to direction 1 (direction 2) and longitudinally through the hilum (direction 3). Results showed that Iraqi 1 variety had the highest value of rupture force for both kernel and pod. Also, it was observed that there was a strongly polynomial relationship between rupture force and kernel moisture content for whole tested varieties. The average values of the rupture force at direction 2 were 61, 60, 64 and 57% higher than direction 3 for Goli, Valencia, Iraqi 1 and Iraqi 2 varieties, respectively. Considering peanut kernels, the rapture force required to initiate rupturing was less at direction 3 than directions 1 and 2, therefore it is proposed that cracking operation should be performed along this direction.

The conduction polymer Polypyrrole base is soluble in selected organic solvents. The Polypyrrole becomes conductive upon partial oxidation or reduction by a processcommonly known as doping. The Polypyrrole base was doped by chemical method usingHydrochloric acid (HCl) as a dopant. The doped conducting polymer was dissolved inthree selective organic solvents namely p-Cresol (PCL), Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)and 2-Chlorophenol (2CPL). The variation in the ultrasonic velocity values measured using fixed frequency (3MHz) continuous wave ultrasonic interferometer techniquewith temperature and their related thermodynamic parameters have been discussed with a view to understand the molecular interactions of the conduction polymers in solutions. Hence the acoustic properties of Polypyrrole base and its doped polymer in solutions will pave the way to obtain possibly a new product ideas and benefits over the traditional polymers.

There is a growing necessity of transition metal oxide thin film for many important technological applications such as smart windows gas sensors, solar cells, super capacitors etc. Among the other transition metal oxides, ruthenium oxide is a potential material as it exhibits interesting structural, optical, chemical, electrical properties. In this investigation ruthenium oxide thin films have been synthesized using spin coating technique. Here ruthenium oxide thin films have been deposited on stainless steel substrate by sol-gel spin coating method. Thin film properties of deposited samples were studied by XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDAX. AFM. The cyclic voltammetry study and chronopotentiometry was carried out with 0.1M KOH electrolyte to study the supercapacitor properties

We are very happy to announce that from 19th October 2013, Ms.Liuza Jamialahmadi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Physics. Ms.Liuza Jamialahmadi is currently working as Lecturer, Department of Physics, Sate University, Shahrud, Iran. The appointment of Ms.Liuza Jamialahmadi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

A Broadband multilayer antenna for C-Band applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a FR-4 and air gap Dielectric material, two square slots, two L-Slot, and a Radom. By introducing the two parts, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be significantly enhanced. Analysis done with and without ground plane. Simulation results show that the proposed antenna can operate from 3.2GHz to 4.8 GHz with low VSWRs ? 2. Stable antenna gain (dB) is also achieved over the entire operating frequency band. Furthermore, the size of the proposed antenna is very compact, which is only at the centre of the operating frequency band.

In this paper we will illustrate a new type of graph which its vertices are different and discuss each type of this graph and illustrate different example for each type. The representation of this graph by matrices will be obtained. Also we will discuss the folding of this new type.

The Pathologic fractures usually occur during normal activity or minor trauma due to weakening of the bone by disease .The clinical features was minor injury force, spontaneous fracture, and functional fracture. These fractures occurred in giant cell tumors, chondroma, solitary fibrous tumor of bone, aneurismal cyst, fibroma desmoplastic, fibrous dysplasis, osteoid osteoma in patients with no story of trauma. The surgical treatment consisted to curette the tumor bone and the fixation was made by different materials (nails, pins, blade plates) followed by cancellous grafting or resection-reconstruction. Six months later, we noted only one case of recurrence in giant cell tumor of the knee and was amputed. All patients were consolidated and the functional long term prognosis was excellent after physiotherapy

The mango plays an important part in the diet and cuisine of many diverse cultures. During the processing of ripe mango, the waste (peel and seed) is a problem. As seed kernel is not currently utilized for any commercial purposes, it is discarded as a waste and becomes a source of pollution. This waste should be treated as a specialized residue due to the high levels of phenol compounds and stable fat rich in saturated fatty acids. Hence the investigator incorporated MKP in sponge cakes in order to utilize the health benefits from it. The physico chemical properties were comparatively favorable than the unincorporated sponge cakes, which may favour extension of shelf life in sponge cakes. The sensory scores for acceptability of incorporated sponge cake were found higher with MKP upto 20g than the other incorporations.

Kas area as a part of the “Sahydri Sub-cluster” has been declared as the World Natural Heritage Site list of the UNESCO-IUCN. Considering this it is essential to document the existing diversity of various life forms of this area. The present checklist of fungal flora of Kas is an attempt to unravel the unexplored and hidden fungal wealth. Kas is the high level ferricrete surrounded by dense stunted semi-evergreen forests which harbors myriad fungal diversity. The checklist gives the preliminary count of fungal diversity from Kas and surrounding areas. An intensive search of literature records is reported which shows 53 species of fungi and lichens belongs to 23 families and 31 genera. The present checklist of fungi from Kas and surrounding is a value addition in the floristic study of the world natural heritage sites.

We are very happy to announce that from 6th August 2011, Prof. Feng Ping has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Infectious Disease. Prof. Feng Ping is currently working as Vice Director, at Department of Infectious Disease of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, P.R. China. The appointment of Prof. Feng Ping as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief