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 This study examines the willingness to pay for safe water by households in Ejigbo local government of Osun State. Eighty respondents were selected for the study. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The data used for this study are mainly primary data through the use of structured questionnaire administered via personal interviews emphasizing on the importance of safe water and willingness to pay for safe water among households in Ejigbo Local Government Area. Descriptive statistics such as tabula presentation, frequency distribution, cumulative percentages and mean were used to analyze the slated objectives. The Logit model was also used to test for the formulated hypothesis. The study revealed from the socio-economic characteristics that majority of the respondents is male while most of them are within their youthful age. Sixty percent are married, 55% of them have a household size of between 1 and 5. More than four-fifth (80%) of them get their water from wells and boreholes, 62.5% treat their water before consumption, 47.5% have a record of one illness or the other. Two-third (67.5%) prefer other water sources. The highest percentage of respondents (56.3%) was willing to pay for safe water. Marital status is statistically significant at 5% with a value of 2.079, these shows that marital status has a positive significance with the willingness to pay for water. Primary occupation is statistically significant at 5% with a value of -2.227, this implies that it has a negative significance with the wiliness to pay for safe water. Secondary occupation is statistically significant ay 5% with a value of -2230, this implies that it has negative significance on the willingness to pay for safe water. Age, primary occupation and secondary occupation have a negative marginal effect on the willingness to pay for safe water in the study area with a value of -2.192,-2227 and -2230 respectively. Even though significant, and increase in these three variables will not raise the morale to willingly pay for safe water. Conclusion was drawn that most of these respondents are willing to pay for safe water but a lot of factors inhibit their willingness to pay such as price, distance to the source of water supply and availability.

This article presents a Bourdieuian reading of Isabella Whitney`s A Sweet Nosegay (1573) and offers some important insights regarding the social status of women in the patriarchal society of the Renaissance era. This study embodies two primary aims; firstly, to investigate women`s social status based on Bourdieu`s theory concerning cultural, social, and economic capital and secondly, to ascertain that both habitus and field have a central role in determining one`s social position. The research data for this study are collected using Bourdieu`s assumptions regarding women`s perspectives in society that, to some extent, are in line with theories of Hélèn Cixous and Elaine Showalter concerning “écriture féminine”. Taken together, this study confirms previous findings and contributes evidence that suggests whether or not women had experienced the renaissance of female consciousness in the sixteenth century. Keywords: A Sweet Nosegay, Ecriture feminine, Elaine Showalter, Hélèn Cixous, Isabella Whitney, Pierre Bourdieu.

Closed sequential pattern mining has attracted increasing concerns in recent data mining research because it is more efficient than sequential pattern mining and produces more compact result set. Genetic algorithms perform global search and have less time complexity compared to other algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm GCSP for mining closed sequential patterns using genetic approach. It uses an efficient fitness function to improve the performance. The results show that the proposed algorithm GCSP can find closed sequential patterns efficiently and outperforms CloSpan and ClaSP.

In this paper, the pattern recognition and classification based on clustering algorithm and linear decision is studied. The research method is used for an example of a car and a background in a picture,The experimental results show that the recognition effect is better than other traditional methods.

In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, buffer overflows often occur in the evolved Node B (eNB) when dealing with the traffic bursts from the wired part due to restricted bandwidth or environmental interferences in the wireless part. In this paper, a survey on approaches is proposed to protect the buffer from overflow by appropriately controlling the advertisement window to enhance the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) when the buffer becomes congested. The sender will slow down the data sending rate upon the receipt of reduced advertisement window, and hence the buffer overflow will be alleviated. To evaluate the suggested solution, a LTE network model is implemented and validated through extensive numerical experiments. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can enhance the end to end system performance in terms of network throughput, average packet delay and jitter, as well as packet loss rate.

Addiction to alcohol is a general phenomenon that affects communities as a whole, and is one of the intractable problems that governments and institutions are trying address. This study used analytical method based on qualitative data collection and analysis tried to explain the concept of addiction and alcohol, and the role of the Sunnah in the treatment of addiction to alcohol through Islamic laws that prevent Muslims from approaching intoxicants. The most interesting findings of this study is that differences in the names of alcohol do not negate its prohibition; the little of what intoxicates in large quantity is also forbidden. Islam has certainly established rules to prevent people from approaching alcohol. Islam did not begin to resolve the problem of alcohol addiction through punishment, but identified the causes that lead Muslims to alcohol addiction, and then addressed those causes in order to prevent Muslims from being addicted to alcohol.

The present paper addresses the concept of CSF in the development of new products. More specifically, the aim of this research is to study how performance is perceived and measured within the companies, and how this can be improved. The target respondents are Indian SMEs. 18 critical factors are identified and with the help of semi structured questionnaire the data is collected. The collected data is being analyzed in SPSS software. The results show that the identified factors are related to success of new product in the Indian SMEs.

Thermal tolerances of Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae naiads in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, were determined using the critical thermal maximum (CTM) method. Eighty eight naiads were assessed, 44 from Coenagrionidae with two size classes, small (6.0 – 9.9 mm) and big (10.0 – 19.9 mm) and 44 from Libellulidae with two size classes, small (7.0 – 14.9 mm) and big (15.0 – 22.9 mm). Water temperature was increased at a mean rate of 0.5 ± 0.1ºC per minute until there was loss of locomotor capacity and motion. Temperatures at which the naiads stopped moving and responding to probing were recorded as the critical thermal maxima. The mean thermal tolerances of Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae naiads were 44.33ºC and 46.22ºC respectively. Regression analysis indicated that body size had no effect on thermal tolerance in Coenagrionidae (P > 0.05) but had an effect on Libellulidae (P < 0.05). Both families had high thermal tolerances though Libellulidae had a higher tolerance than Coenagrionidae. Anova revealed significant differences between the two families (P < 0.05). Understanding how temperature affects biological systems is a central question in ecology and evolutionary biology. Determination of upper thermal limits provides insight into the relative sensitivity of organisms to elevated temperatures hence to climate change.

Theassertion of scholars must not be taken as the meaning last countries. Scholars assertionmust mean effort in stating new command for a social or Update scientific problem not stateing imitated command from the previous Jurists. Perhaps prophet’s opinion of exertion has been the above mentioned Meaning. As he stated when a judge efforts for understanding of correct Command and then perceives the correct commands. He will be rewarded with one spiritual reward. So just as we saw , in this reverse , the prophet (p.b.u.h) has referred to some commands to which there isn’t any command and so the legist has to obsess their mind with the use of correct criterion which are derived from religion.Definitely legists who have judged to up to date dower must also judge to cases like blood money, women blood money, women retaliation, blood money and retaliation of non Muslims up to date and must be imitate the previous jurists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss that whether a major portion of the monthly budget of each household is spent on FMCG products. With more than 6, 38,588 villages and more than 72.2% of the population, rural India has become a massive consumer goods market. Further the purpose of this study is to examine the brand awareness in rural area and to study the interest of consumers in branded products of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws from a research study comprising qualitative methods as well as case study analyses. The central aspect of the approach to this topic is that it is a bottom?up perspective grounded in understanding rural markets. The theoretical scope of the paper includes brand awareness, FMCG products and consumer preferences in impoverished environment of rural markets. Findings: The authors' key finding is that FMCG has emerged as a major product category in rural consumption. Companies marketing FMCG to rural consumers cannot merely extend their general marketing strategies to rural markets. Instead, they need to devise rural specific strategies. The brand awareness is showing increasing tendency everywhere and Baroda Region of Gujarat State is not an exception to it. Research limitations/implications: This research has implications for theoretical and empirical advancement in the areas of structuring marketing activities in rural areas. Practical implications: This research has implications for several aspects of rural marketing strategy. To examine the validity of this general statement that is being discussed day in and day out by the researcher, market managers, producers, consumers, advertisers, etc. Originality/value: This paper suggests that brand awareness and spending power are inextricably linked in subsistence contexts with important implications for rural marketing. Research Paper on brand awareness in rural area of Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Baroda Region of Gujarat State is taken up.