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Disbursement involves approval, allocation, release and transmission of funds or grants to projects for implementation. Funds are always disbursed according to funding and implementation schedules agreed upon by the parties and based on the submitted budget and work plan. The developed schedule with each grant recipient is necessary to ensure proper funding accounting, reporting and timely disbursement of funds during the implementation phase to the devolved units. Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or any design for doing something. The government of Kenya has made deliberate efforts to decentralize most of its development projects over the past few years, through the use of decentralized funds key among them are, Local Authority Transfer Fund (LATF), Constituency Bursary Fund (CBF), Women and Youth Enterprise Fund and Constituency Development Funds (CDF). This was made possible through Constituency Development Act of Kenya, (2003) which was enacted in order to re-distribute resources to every corner of the country so that poverty levels can be alleviated. Devolved funds have been taunted as the most effective way of fighting poverty on the strength of their ability to bring governance closer to the people thereby addressing their priorities. In a perfect world every project would be "on time and within budget." But reality tells a very different story. Even if the budget and schedules are met, one must ask if the project delivered the results and quality expected. True project success must be evaluated on all the three components otherwise a project could be considered a failure. Delays in disbursement of funds lead to delay in land acquisition among other factors which eventually has a serious impact on the overall performance in the implementation of the development project. The impact of delays in acquisition resulted into cost overruns due to price variations and time overruns and had an impact also on the successful completion of the development project.

Sliver nano colloids have been synthesized by chemical reduction of sliver salt solution, characterized by SEM usage of nano particles. Sliver nano colloids are treated with wool fibres and dyed wool fibres (direct and acid dyes). The physical properties colour strength, fastness properties have been studied for dyed wool fibres and ordinary wool fibres. It is observed that the fibres with nano treated fibres have better strength than untreated wool fibres. It is also observed that there is considerable improvement in colour strength and colour fastness of silver nano colloids treated wool fibres (dyed).

This article aims at investigating the impact of trade liberalization on pollution and environmental degradation in Iran. Results indicate that pollution is positively related to trade liberalization and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per square kilometer and with increased in trade liberalization, GDP will increase. In addition, strong evidence suggests that trade liberalization, real GDP per square kilometer and Gross National Product(GNP) are positively related to environmental degradation. Therefore with increased in GDP and GNP, environmental degradation will increase. In total, result showed that effects of trade liberalization is harmful to the environment.

In the Theory of relativity there are fundamental internal contradictions. The most direct of them is, between the two sides of one unequal equation, intended to transform time. These contradictions prove, that this theory is absolutely wrong.

Present work deals with assessing antimicrobial activity of C.carandas against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. Leaf, stem and root were collected, dried and extracted using standard methods for flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. Extracts were screened by using ‘Disc Diffusion Assay’. Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Total activity, Mean and Standard Deviation were calculated. S.aureus was found to be the most susceptible organism followed by B.subtilis and E.coli. Bound Flavonoid of roots showed the best activity against B.subtilis (IZ= 15mm, MIC= 0.312mg/ml, MBC=0.156mg/ml, TA=3.20ml/g). Results reveal that extracts of C.carandas have good antimicrobial potential and may be exploited for antimicrobial drugs

The present research reviewed the effect of share issued and long-term loan on stock returns and price of shares of companies admitted into Tehran SE between the years 2001 and 2005. This research attempted to determine whether different methods of financing like share issued and long-term loans affect the price and return of shares or not, or that their effects are different or similar. We used t-test to test the hypothesis. Also, the Kolmogorov-Smirnof Test was employed to determine the normality of the data. The results obtained in this research were shown that the average share prices and share return is higher in companies that had financed via share issued than the companies which have used the long-term loan facilities.

This paper gives the brief out line about the worldwide production cottonseed & its oil, Cotton Seed Oil (CSO) properties, its comparison with diesel and Jatropha biodiesel. It investigates the performance of a diesel engine using diesel fuel and cottonseed oil (CSO) biodiesel in terms of brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency for conventional diesel, cottonseed oil, as well as for Jatropha oil. For this aim, A Single Cylinder, 4-stroke vertical, water-cooled, self-governed diesel engine developing 5 HP at 1500 rpm (Rope brake dynamometer with spring balances and loading screw. Brake drum diameter = 0.400 m.) engine is selected for the testing with diesel fuel and neat bio-diesel, which is cottonseed oil methyl ester, at full load conditions. The evaluation of theoretical data showed that the brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency of CSO biodiesel was slightly higher than that of diesel fuel and Jatropha oil. This study reveals that the use of cottonseed oil biodiesel improves the performance parameters of CI engine compared to conventional diesel fuel.

We explore an alternate approach to the origin of primordial fluctuations using extra dimensions. A non-inflationary cosmology is considered, with the evolution of 4 + d dimensions from the initial singularity. The extra dimensions evolve more rapidly than the ordinary space and reach their maximum volume in a short interval of time, at the end of which they get stabilized. Due to random interactions between the bulk and the brane, the entropy may be sucked from the normal space. These interactions occur only for a short interval of time and hence only a small amount of entropy is consumed. An approximate equation which describes the decrease in entropy, in a region of normal space, is constructed. Finally, this violation of law of entropy is related to the increase in density of that region of space by simple thermodynamic considerations. This process occurs randomly in different regions of normal space generating the primordial fluctuations in density, which grow over time and eventually become the universe we see today.

Semiconducting materials in thin film form are of great interest due to their distinctive physico-chemical properties towards optical and optoelectronic device applications. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the well-known II-VI group wide-band gap semiconductor which shows the wide range of applications such as optical filters, short wavelength emission, transparent conducting, laser diodes and intense luminescence applications etc.,. In the present work the ZnO thin film was fabricated on well cleaned glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique and the structural, surface and optical properties were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy at room temperature. Structural parameters such as crystallite size, microstrain and dislocation density were calculated by using Scherrer’s formula. The applicability of the spray deposited ZnO thin film towards window material in solar cell application are presented and discussed in the present work.

Formaldehyde (CH2O) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) emission from the waste wood combustion plan recognized as one of the major cause of degrading air quality. In this research, we present the obtained result from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentration generated by wood combustion plants at three cities, Iksan, Gunsan and Asan, South Koreawhich are represents some of the industry leaders in region. Totally six points were selected around the combustion power plants to provide data on the areas within zones and agglomerations where the highest and lowest concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde occur during the sampling day. High performance liquid chromatography analyzer (HPLC) was used to measure the aldehydes values in the collected samples. The average emission of CH2O calculated on the basis emission in sampling day have been found 5.9 at Iksan , 3.32 in Gunsan and 3.62 ppb in Asan while the CH3CHO value as measured 2.82, 1.44 and 1.91ppb.